Neurospinal Anatomy and Kinesiology

Question 1

anterior vertebral joint is for __

what is the anterior vertebral joint

Answer 1

weight bearing

body and disc - 75% of total weight

Question 2

posterior vertebral joint is for __

what is the posterior vertebral joint

Answer 2

movement

facet - 25% of total weight

Question 3

lateral bending stresses which ligament of the spine

Answer 3

inter transverse ligament

Question 4

L5 has what special ligament

what does this ligament check

Answer 4

corporotransverse ligament
(iliolumbar ligament)

rotation

Question 5

what nerve roots are most vulnerable to lateral bending

Answer 5

lower cervical nerve roots

brachial plexus

Question 6

dura mater forms the forms the __ which passes through the IVF

Answer 6

epineurium

Question 7

what are the ligaments that cross the IVF

how many at each level

how much of the IVF is filled with these ligaments

Answer 7

transforaminal ligaments

1-4 at each level

1/3 of IVF

Question 8

biomechanical stress is disturbed most by what

Answer 8

unilateral problems

Question 9

nuclear fibers of disc resist what

annular fibers of disc resist what

Answer 9

compression

torsion

Question 10

how are annular fibers innervated

Answer 10

inner 1/3 most sensitive

outer 1/3 sensory and vasomotor

Question 11

nuclear impression or notochord remnants is from what

what appearance does this have on X-ray

Answer 11

disc and alar plate

cupids bow on AP xray

Question 12

which part of the disc is weakest to compression forces

Answer 12

end plate

Question 13

how thick is the endplate

Answer 13

1 mm thicker in the medial region of the end plate

Question 14

which artery follows the spinal nerve out of the IVF

Answer 14

segmental artery

Question 15

what does sinuvertebral nerve innervate

what’s another name for this nerve

Answer 15

recurrent meningeal nerve

PLL. annular fibrosis, ligamentum flava, dura, veins, fat

Question 16

what does the posterior rami innervate

Answer 16

paraspinals, multifidi, fascia, SI joint, facets (posterior joint), supraspinous ligament

Question 17

muscles do what

ligaments do what

joints do what

Answer 17

create movement

restrict movement

guide movement

Question 18

where in the cervicals will produce more flexion if the chin is retracted

Answer 18

C0-1

Question 19

where in the cervicals will create a V shape ADI in flexion

Answer 19

C1-2

Question 20

most lateral bending occurs where

Answer 20

mid cervicals

Question 21

where in the cervicals have stair step translation

Answer 21

lower cervicals

Question 22

most flexion extension occurs where in the cervical spine

Answer 22

C5-6

Question 23

upper cervical facets are oriented how

Answer 23

35* angle

Question 24

lower cervical facts are oriented how

Answer 24

60* angle

Question 25

where does the most rotation occur in the thoracic region

Answer 25

upper thoracic

Question 26

where does the most flexion extension and lateral bending occur in the thoracic region

Answer 26

lower thoracic

Question 27

where is the most motion in the thoracic spine

Answer 27

T11-12

Question 28

most flexion extension occurs where in the lumbar spine

what’s 2nd

Answer 28

L5-S1

L1-2

Question 29

why is there such little rotation in the lumbar spine

Answer 29

lumbar facets

Question 30

where are the starting and ending points of the primary curves of the spine

Answer 30

cervical - C2-T2

thoracic - T2-T12

lumbar - T12-L5

Question 31

term for restriction of motion

Answer 31

hypo mobility

Question 32

term for excessive motion

Answer 32

hyper mobility

Question 33

term for pathological state, danger signs, symptoms, contraindicated to adjusting

Answer 33

instability

Question 34

term for paradoxical motion, reverse motion around an axis

Answer 34

aberrant

Question 35

term for translation or rotation around 2 axis simultanoeusly similar to screw like motion

Answer 35

coupled motion

Question 36

which muscles originate from the spine but are considered extremity muscles

Answer 36

traps, lats, rhomboids

Question 37

what muscles effect spinal function the most

Answer 37

paraspinals