Neurospinal Anatomy and Kinesiology Flashcards
anterior vertebral joint is for __
what is the anterior vertebral joint
weight bearing
body and disc - 75% of total weight
posterior vertebral joint is for __
what is the posterior vertebral joint
movement
facet - 25% of total weight
lateral bending stresses which ligament of the spine
inter transverse ligament
L5 has what special ligament
what does this ligament check
corporotransverse ligament
(iliolumbar ligament)
rotation
what nerve roots are most vulnerable to lateral bending
lower cervical nerve roots
brachial plexus
dura mater forms the forms the __ which passes through the IVF
epineurium
what are the ligaments that cross the IVF
how many at each level
how much of the IVF is filled with these ligaments
transforaminal ligaments
1-4 at each level
1/3 of IVF
biomechanical stress is disturbed most by what
unilateral problems
nuclear fibers of disc resist what
annular fibers of disc resist what
compression
torsion
how are annular fibers innervated
inner 1/3 most sensitive
outer 1/3 sensory and vasomotor
nuclear impression or notochord remnants is from what
what appearance does this have on X-ray
disc and alar plate
cupids bow on AP xray
which part of the disc is weakest to compression forces
end plate
how thick is the endplate
1 mm thicker in the medial region of the end plate
which artery follows the spinal nerve out of the IVF
segmental artery
what does sinuvertebral nerve innervate
what’s another name for this nerve
recurrent meningeal nerve
PLL. annular fibrosis, ligamentum flava, dura, veins, fat
what does the posterior rami innervate
paraspinals, multifidi, fascia, SI joint, facets (posterior joint), supraspinous ligament
muscles do what
ligaments do what
joints do what
create movement
restrict movement
guide movement
where in the cervicals will produce more flexion if the chin is retracted
C0-1
where in the cervicals will create a V shape ADI in flexion
C1-2
most lateral bending occurs where
mid cervicals
where in the cervicals have stair step translation
lower cervicals
most flexion extension occurs where in the cervical spine
C5-6
upper cervical facets are oriented how
35* angle
lower cervical facts are oriented how
60* angle
where does the most rotation occur in the thoracic region
upper thoracic
where does the most flexion extension and lateral bending occur in the thoracic region
lower thoracic
where is the most motion in the thoracic spine
T11-12
most flexion extension occurs where in the lumbar spine
what’s 2nd
L5-S1
L1-2
why is there such little rotation in the lumbar spine
lumbar facets
where are the starting and ending points of the primary curves of the spine
cervical - C2-T2
thoracic - T2-T12
lumbar - T12-L5
term for restriction of motion
hypo mobility
term for excessive motion
hyper mobility
term for pathological state, danger signs, symptoms, contraindicated to adjusting
instability
term for paradoxical motion, reverse motion around an axis
aberrant
term for translation or rotation around 2 axis simultanoeusly similar to screw like motion
coupled motion
which muscles originate from the spine but are considered extremity muscles
traps, lats, rhomboids
what muscles effect spinal function the most
paraspinals
