PTE 1

Question 1

Maintain

Answer 1

کار شود

Question 2

adhere to something

Answer 2

phrasal verb(formal)

to continue to behave according to a particular rule, agreement, or belief
➡ Weadhere totheprinciplesof equal rights and freedom of expression for all.
➡ I haveadheredstrictlytotherules.
➡ Students are accountable for adhering to established university standards.

Question 3

en‧com‧pass

Answer 3

/ɪnˈkʌmpəs/verbT

1)to include a wide range of ideas, subjects, etc

➡The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.
➖➖➖➖➖➖

2)to completely cover or surround something
➡The houses encompassed about 100 square metres.

Question 4

en‧sue

Answer 4

/ɪnˈsjuː$ɪnˈsuː/verbI
to happen after or as a result of something
🔺SYNfollow
⛥ensue from
➡problems that ensue from food and medical shortages

Question 5

sus‧cep‧ti‧ble

Answer 5

/səˈseptbl/adjective

1)likely to suffer from a particular illness or be affected by a particular problem→immune
⛥ susceptible to
➡ Older people are more susceptible to infections.
➡ Soil on the mountain slopes is very susceptible to erosion.

2)a susceptible person is easily influenced or attracted by someone or something
🔺SYN impressionable
➡A lot of TV advertising is aimed at susceptible young children.
⛥susceptible to
➡She was very susceptible to flattery.

Question 6

mit‧i‧gate

Answer 6

/ˈmɪtgeɪt/verbTto make a situation or the effects of something less unpleasant, harmful, or serious

🔺 SYNalleviate

➡Measures need to be taken to mitigate the environmental effects of burning more coal.

Question 7

a lot of criticism etc

Answer 7

a hail of criticism/abuse etc

➡The proposals met with a hail of criticism.

Question 8

ˈdurable ˌgoods

Answer 8

noun[plural]

(AmE)large things such as cars, televisions, and furniture, that you do not buy often
🔺 SYNconsumer durables

Question 9

Favour

Answer 9

کار شود

Question 10

to manage to enter a place, building, or organization

Answer 10

⛥gain access/entry/admittance etc (to something)

➡New ramps will help the disabled gain better access.
➡methods used by burglars to gain entry to houses

6)gain an understanding/insight/impression etcto learn or find out about something

⛥gain an understanding/insight/impression etc of

➡We are hoping to gain a better understanding of the underlying process.
➡This enabled me to gain an overall impression of the school.

Question 11

to stop an activity from continuing

Answer 11

call a halt (to something)

➡ I urge those responsible to call a halt to the violence.

Question 12

harbour

Answer 12

verbT

tothinkabout orfeel something, usually over along period:

He’s been harbouring agrudgeagainst hereversince hispromotionwasrefused.

There are those who harboursuspicions about hismotives.

toprotectsomeone or somethingbad,especiallyby hidingthatpersonor thing when thepolicearelookingfor him, her, or it:

to harbour acriminal

tocontainthebacteria, etc. that cancauseadiseaseto spread:

Bathroomdoorhandlescan harbourgerms.

Question 13

re·fuse·nik

Answer 13

/rɪˈfjuːznɪk/noun[C]

someone who refuses to take part in something or obey a law

➡ Around 250,000 refuseniks have not paid the tax.

Question 14

Reject

Answer 14

➡Sarah rejected her brother’s offer of help.
⛥reject something as something
➡Gibson rejected the idea as ‘absurd’.
➡Dexterflatly rejected(=completely rejected)calls for his resignation.
➡His proposal wasrejected outright(=completely rejected).

Question 15

ras‧cal

Answer 15

شیطون
/ˈrɑːskl$ˈræs-/noun[C]

1)a child who behaves badly but whom you still like

Question 16

substantial

Answer 16

formal

relatingto the mainor mostimportantthings beingconsidered:

Thecommitteewas in substantialagreement(=agreedabout most of the thingsdiscussed).
➡ Unions andbossesreachedsubstantialagreement.
➖➖➖➖

sub‧stan‧tial
S3W2/səbˈstænʆl/adjective

1)large in amount or numberSYNconsiderableOPPinsubstantial
➡We have the support of a substantial number of parents.
➡a substantial salary
➡a substantial breakfast
➡The document requires substantial changes.

2)[only before noun]large and strongly made
🔺OPP insubstantial
➡a substantial piece of furniture

Question 17

to start something, especially something new, difficult, or exciting

Answer 17

embark on/upon somethingphrasal verb

➡ He embarked on a new career as a teacher.

➡ In 1960, at the age of 18, she embarked on a secular career, recording for Columbia Records but only achieving modest success.

Question 18

a‧lum‧ni

Answer 18

/əˈlʌmnaɪ/noun[plural]the former students of a school, college etc

➡ the University alumni association

⚌⚌⚌⚌
Do not copy the text exactly. To do so is considered plagiarism.

Question 19

prospects

Answer 19

کار شود

Question 20

im‧pul‧sive

Answer 20

/ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/adjective

someone who is impulsive does things without considering the possible dangers or problems first

➡Rosa was impulsive and sometimes regretted things she’d done.
➡In a burst of impulsive generosity, I offered to pay.

—impulsivelyadverb
➡‘Oh, Anne, I do love you!’ he said impulsively.

Question 21

com‧pile

Answer 21

AC/kəmˈpaɪl/verb[T]

1)to make a book, list, record etc, using different pieces of information, music etc→compilation
➡The document was compiled by the Department of Healthcompile something from/for something
➡ The report was compiled from a survey of 5,000 households.

Question 22

con‧ceive

Answer 22

AC/kənˈsiːv/verb

1) I,Tto imagine a particular situation or to think about something in a particular way(cannot) conceive of (doing) somethingMany people can’t conceive of a dinner without meat or fish.conceive thatHe could not conceive that anything really serious could be worrying his friend.conceive what/why/how etcI can hardly conceive what it must be like here in winter.conceive of something/somebody as somethingLanguage may be conceived of as a process which arises from social interaction.
2) [T]to think of a new idea, plan etc and develop it in your mind→conceptionScientists first conceived the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.

Question 23

di‧screte

Answer 23

AC/dɪˈskriːt/adjective

clearly separate

➡The change happens in a series of discrete steps.—discretelyadverb

Question 24

disenthrall

Answer 24

رهانیدن
to free from bondage or slavery; liberate

Set free.

➡ ‘I disenthrall my mind from theories’

Question 25

resign yourself to (doing) something

Answer 25

to make yourself accept something that is bad but cannot be changed
پذیرفتن
کنار آمدن

➡Josh resigned himself to the long walk home.
➡At sixteen, I resigned myself to the fact that I’d never be a dancer.

Question 26

pre‧car‧i‧ous

Answer 26

/prɪˈkeəriəs$-ˈker-/adjective

1)a precarious situation or state is one which may very easily or quickly become worse

➡Her health remained precarious, despite the treatment.
➡the company’sprecariousfinancialposition

2)likely to fall, or likely to cause someone to fall
➡a precarious mountain trail—precariouslyadverb
➡a cup of teabalanced precariouslyon her knee—

Question 27

for my money

Answer 27

in my opinion:

➡ For my money, Sunday is the best day to travel because the roads are quiet.

➡ That’s the best brand of tools there is, for my money.

Question 28

know no bounds/boundaries

Answer 28

1 : to be capable of affecting people everywhere

This is a disease that knows no boundaries.

2 : to have no limits

My admiration for him knows no bounds/boundaries.

Question 29

feed

Answer 29

to give someone information or ideas over a period timefeed somebody with something

➡ She feeds the media with stories, which is a way of getting free advertising.

Question 30

ma‧jor‧i‧ty
S2W1AC
/məˈdʒɒrti$məˈdʒɔː-, məˈdʒɑː-/

be in the majority(=form the largest group)In this city, Muslims are in the majority.

Answer 30

mi‧nor‧i‧ty
S3W2AC
/maɪˈnɒrti$mˈnɔː-, mˈnɑː-/noun(pluralminorities)

be in a minority of oneto be the only person in a group who has a particular opinion

Question 31

privilege

Answer 31

W3/ˈprɪvlɪdʒ/noun

1) [C]a special advantage that is given only to one person or group of peopleHe had nospecial privilegesand was treated just like every other prisoner.privilege ofthe privilege of a good education
2) [singular]something that you are lucky to have the chance to do, and that you enjoy very muchthe privilege of doing somethingToday, wehavetheprivilegeof listening to two very unusual men.the privilege to do somethingIhadthe greatprivilegeto play for Yorkshire.It is a privilege to hear her play.

Question 32

Future perfect tense

Answer 32

The FUTURE PERFECT TENSE indicates that an action will have been completed (finished or “perfected”) at some point in the future. This tense is formed with “will” plus “have” plus the past participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in form): “I will have spent all my money by this time next year. I will have run successfully in three marathons if I can finish this one.”