Barron's TOEFL - Lesson 30 Flashcards
endear
/ɪnˈdɪə$ɪnˈdɪr/verb
⛧endear somebody to somebody
phrasal verb
to make someone popular and liked
⛧endear yourself to somebody
➡The emperor saw an opportunity to endear himself to the Athenians.
➡ His brusque manner did not exactly endear him to his colleagues.
———————-
+ endear someone to someone
to cause someone to be liked by another person:
»> His fiery temper did not endear him to his coworkers.
»> She is unlikely to endear herself to her colleagues with such an aggressive approach.
————
endearing
= pleasant
adjective uk /ɪnˈdɪə.rɪŋ/ us /ɪnˈdɪr.ɪŋ/
making someone like you:
»> She laughs at herself a lot, which is always endearing.
»> His shyness can be very endearing.
astute
/əˈstjuːt$əˈstuːt/adjective able to understand situations or behaviour very well and very quickly, especially so that you can get an advantage for yourself 🔺 SYNclever ➡an astute politician ➡astute investments
a clever idea
His cleverness enables him to …
convincing
AC/kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/adjective
1)making you believe that something is true or right
➡convincing evidence of his guilt
⛧ wholly/utterly/totally etc convincing
➡Courtenay played the role in an utterly convincing way.
➡ a ~ argument for the recycling of paper
persevere
Trying and making an effort
/ˌpɜːsˈvɪə$ˌpɜːrsˈvɪr/
to continue trying to do something in a very determined way in spite of difficulties – use this to show approval
➡It can be tricky at first, but persevere.
⛧persevere with
➡He persevered with his task until he had succeeded in collecting an armful of firewood.
⛧persevere in (doing) something
➡She had persevered in her claim for compensation.
crusade
/kruːˈseɪd/
⛧ crusade against/for
a long and determinedattempt to achieve something that you believe in strongly:
➡ They have long been involved in a crusade for racial equality.
➡ a moral crusade against drugs.
It is beyond my …
comprehension
➡ How he is able to endure living next to the airport is ~.
rigorous
/ˈrɪgərəs/adjective
1)careful, thorough, and exact
➡a rigorous analysis of defence needs
➡the rigorous standards required by the college
»> rigorous testing/checking/methods
2)very severe or strict
➡rigorous army training
(controlling behaviour in a severe way: )
»> the rigorous controls governing the sale of shares
forfeit
/ˈfɔːft$ˈfɔːr-/verb[T]
to lose a right, position, possession etc or have it taken away from you because you have broken a law or rule
از دست دادن
➡By being absent from the trial, heforfeited therightto appeal.
➡She was fined £3,000 and ordered to forfeit her car.
➡ Usually you must forfeit your native country’s citizenship to become a citizen of another country.
⚌⚌⚌⚌⚌⚌
forfeit
(noun[C])
UK/ˈfɔː.fɪt/US/ˈfɔːr.fət/
something that you havelost therightto do or have because you havebrokenarule
محرومیت
relinquish
/rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʆ/verb[T] (formal)
to let someone else have your position, power, or rights, especially unwillingly
🔺SYNgive up
➡No one wants to relinquish power once they have it.
⛧ relinquish something to somebody
➡Stultz relinquished control to his subordinate.
⚌⚌⚌⚌
precarious
/ prɪˈkeəriəs $ -ˈker- / adjective
a precarious situation or state is one which may very easily or quickly become worse :
»> Her health remained precarious, despite the treatment.
»> the company’s precarious financial position
Syn. hazardous
> > > The diver put himself in a precarious situation among the sharks.
The cup was positioned precariously on the edge of the table.
sporadic
/spəˈrædɪk/
happening fairly often, but not regularly
SYN intermittent :
Syn. erratic
> > > There has been sporadic violence downtown.
> > > sporadic gunfire
a sporadic electricity supply
More than 100 people have been killed this year in sporadic outbursts of ethnic violence.
————
— sporadically / -kli / adverb :
The fighting continued sporadically for several days.
= not consistent; irregular
> > > Sporadic gunfire continued through the night.
sporadic outbreaks of disease‧
Our advertising campaigns have been too sporadic to have had a lot of success
trilobite
/ traɪləbaɪt / noun [ countable ]
a type of fossil of a small sea creature
> > > This is a superior fossil of a trilobite.
superior = exceptional, excellent quality; above all the rest
wanton
wanton / ˈwɒntən $ ˈwɒːn-, ˈwɑːn- / adjective
1 deliberately harming someone or damaging something for no reason
آسيب رسان
»> an act of wanton aggression
»> a wanton disregard for life
2 (formal)
uncontrolled :
»> wanton growth
done without thought or consideration
Syn. senseless
adv. wantonly
»> The jealous man was wantonly impolite to the winner.
+ wanton destruction (= done deliberately and without caring about it )
»> People were shocked by the wanton destruction that occurred during the riots.
disregard
n-v
/ ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːd $ -ɑːrd / verb [ transitive ]
to ignore something or treat it as unimportant :
ناديده گرفتن / گذشتن از چیزی
»> He ordered the jury to disregard the witness’s last statement.
»> Mark totally disregarded my advice.
—————-
+ disregard for/of
»> his disregard for her feelings
احساساتش رو ناديده گرفت
+ total/reckless/complete/flagrant etc disregard
»> flagrant disregard
انکار آشكار
»> Local councillors accused the terrorists of showing a complete disregard for human life.
wisdom
/ ˈwɪzdəm /
خردمندي
»> a man of great wisdom
++ question/doubt the wisdom of (doing) something
»> Local people are questioning the wisdom of spending so much money on a new road.
»> You can always expect a few words of wisdom from Dave.
Syn. insight
(the) …. + wisdom
+ (the) conventional/received/traditional etc wisdom
a belief or opinion that most people have :
»> The conventional wisdom is that boys mature more slowly than girls.
witticism
/ ˈwɪtəsɪz ə m, ˈwɪtɪsɪz ə m / noun [ countable ] a clever amusing remark سخن خنده دار - بذله n. a joke; a funny story Syn. Humor
adv. wittily
adj. witty
n. wit بذلو گو - بذله گويي
n. wittiness
> > > His witticisms captivated the audience.
Mark Twain was famous for his sharp wit.
> > > witty remarks
Laura’s very witty.
woo
/ wuː / verb
to try to persuade someone to do something such as buy something from you, vote for you, or work for you – used in news reports :
= attract , persuade
»> the Party’s efforts to woo working class voters
v. to make efforts to attain or gain something
Syn. attract
> > > The directors tried to woo the support of the union.
The opponents of the proposed highway wooed nearby residents to defend their position.
——————-
Prizes for readers had become popular measures to woo new subscribers.
boo
/ bu / verb [ intransitive and transitive ]
to shout ‘boo’ to show that you do not like a person, performance, idea etc :
»> Some of the audience started booing.
»> She was “booed off stage” (= they shouted ‘boo’ until she left the stage ) .
wouldn’t say boo to a goose
an expression used to describe a shy quiet person
the average number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are usually sold each day, week, month etc
circulation / ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪʃ ə n/
⛧ circulation of
»> The newspaper has a daily circulation of 55,000.
»> The circulation war of the tabloids that took place in New York …
a clever plan, especially to do something that is bad or illegal – used in order to show disapproval
scheme / skiːm / noun
»> a get-rich-quick scheme
⛧ scheme to do something
»> a scheme to pass false cheques
an action, especially an official one, that is intended to deal with a particular problem
measure / ˈmeʒə $ -ər /
🔺 SYN step
»> Measures are being taken to reduce crime in the city.
⛧ drastic/tough/extreme etc measures
»> drastic measures to reduce traffic problems
»> New “safety measures” were being demanded after last night’s horrific train crash.
»> The new bridge was erected as a temporary measure to replace the one which was destroyed by floods.
⛧ precautionary/preventative measure (= something done to stop something bad from happening )
—————-
»> Prizes for readers had become popular measures to woo new subscribers.
present everywhere at all times
omnipresent / ˌɒmnɪˈprez ə nt/ >>> Police were virtually omnipresent on the city streets. ---------- omnipresence noun [ uncountable ] : >>> the omnipresence of God
> > > omnipresence of motion-picture image
the quality of being felt very strongly or having a strong effect
intensity noun ( plural intensities )
> > > The intensity of the hurricane was frightening.
He spoke with great intensity.
————–
Its intensity stems from its power to capture the complete attention of the theatergoer.
to develop as a result of something else
stem from something
phrasal verb
»> His headaches stemmed from vision problems.
———–
»> Its intensity stems from its power to capture the complete attention of the theatergoer.
an official statement that something must happen:
OR
an order or statement of an official decision:
decree / dɪˈkriː / noun
> > > He refused to carry out the board’s decree.
The decree stopped short of a full declaration of independence.
More than 200 people were freed by military decree.
omnipresent
/ˌɒmnɪˈpreznt◂$ˌɑːm-/adjective(formal) present everywhere at all times— -------- omnipresencenoun[U] ➡the omnipresence of God
decree
noun[C]
US/dɪˈkri/
anorderorstatementof an officialdecision:
لايحه - مصوبه
➡ Herefusedtocarryout the board’s decree.
🔊 Its charge is the widespread decree of the US abroad.
(Charge = responsibility)
——–
anofficialstatementthat something musthappen, made by aleader,government, etc.:
➡ The Dutchgovernmentissueda decree layingdown strictruleson the age of veal calves and how they should be housed.
گوساله هاي گوشتي
⛧ rule/legislateby decree
erratic
/ɪˈrætɪk/adjective
something that is erratic does not follow any pattern or plan but happens in a way that is not regular
➡His breathing was becoming erratic.
➡his erratic behaviour
—erratically/-kli/adverb
➡He always drives erratically.
flagrant / fleɪɡrənt / adjective
a flagrant action is shocking because it is done in a way that is easily noticed and shows no respect for laws, truth etc
عمل زشت آشكار
+ flagrant abuse/violation/breach etc
»> flagrant violations of human rights
»> a “flagrant disregard” for the law
نقض آشكار
— flagrantly (adverb )
