New Words 6

Question 1

venture

/ ˈventʃə $ -ər /

Answer 1

to go somewhere that could be dangerous :
»>When darkness fell, he would venture out.
»> She paused before venturing up the steps to the door.
»> children who lack the confidence to venture into libraries

Question 2

nothing ………., nothing gained

Answer 2

ventured

used to say that you cannot achieve anything unless you take risks

Question 3

dune / djun $ dun / noun [ countable ]

Answer 3

a hill made of sand near the sea or in the desert
SYN sand dune

> > > I lay there feeling my stomach sinking slowly.into the sand on the top of the dune.

Question 4

nomad / nəʊmæd $ noʊ- / noun [ countable ]

Answer 4

nomadic / nəʊmædɪk $ noʊ- / adjective
1 nomadic people are nomads :
»> nomadic herdsmen
2 if someone leads a nomadic life, they travel from place to place and do not live in any one place for very long :
»> The son of an air force pilot, he had a somewhat nomadic childhood.

Question 5

get-together noun [ countable ]

Answer 5

a friendly informal meeting or party :

> > > a family get-together

Question 6

to make a path by walking over an area of land

Answer 6

beat a path/track

> > > Everyone is beating a path towards the concrete stage.

Question 7

to give strength or support to something and to help it succeed

Answer 7

underpin / ˌʌndəˈpɪn $ -ər- /
verb ( past tense and past participle underpinned)

> > > the theories that underpin his teaching method
America’s wealth is underpinned by a global system which exploits the world’s poor.

Question 8

the feeling of wanting something that someone else has

Answer 8

envy noun [ uncountable ]

+ with envy
»> He watched the others with envy.
+ envy of
»> his envy of the young man’s success
+ twinge/pang of envy
»> I felt a twinge of envy when I saw them together.
»> She could see that all the other girls were green with envy (= feeling a lot of envy ) .

Question 9

1 chan‧de‧lier

2 More women are …. positions of power.
(to reach a particular level, age, size etc)
➡Share prices … a high of $3.27.

3
medical/legal …..

4
…. of water/blood/light etc

Answer 9

1
/ˌʆændəˈlɪə$-ˈlɪr/noun[C]a large round frame for holdingCANDLEor lights that hangs from the ceiling and is decorated with small pieces of glass

2
attaining
attained
➡ ➡After a year she had attained her ideal weight

3
practitioner
➡a practitioner of alternative medicine

⛥ foreign/justice/finance etc ministry

4
Pool
a small area of liquid or light on a surface
➡A guard found him lying in a pool of blood.
➡ a pool of light formed by the street lamp above

Question 10

the passing of time

Answer 10

the passage of time

➡ With the passage of time, things began to look more hopeful.

Question 11

used when saying that you definitely do not want to do something

Answer 11

⛥ have no ambition to do something
➡ I have no ambition to go back there again.

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

⛥an ambition to do something
➡She had always had an ambition to be a pilot.
⛥somebody’s ambitions of doing something
➡An injury ended his ambitions of becoming a professional footballer.

Question 12

ambition

Collocation

Answer 12

⛥ somebody’s ambition is to be/do something
➡ My ambition was to be a journalist.
⛥ have an ambition
➡He had an ambition to be a top cello player.
⛥ achieve/fulfil/realize your ambition(=do what you wanted to do)
➡It took her ten years to achieve her ambition.
⛥ lack ambition/have no ambition
➡ Many of the students lack ambition.
⛥nurse/harbour/cherish an ambition(=have it for a long time, especially secretly)
⛥frustrate/thwart somebody’s ambitions(formal)(=prevent someone from achieving them)

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

⛥ somebody’s dreams and ambitions
➡He told her all about his dreams and ambitions.
⛥somebody’s lack of ambition
➡I was frustrated by their apparent lack of ambition.
⛥ be full of ambition

Question 13

a difficult or unpleasant situation in which you do not know what to do, or in which you have to make a difficult choice

Answer 13

predicament / prɪˈdɪkəmənt / noun [ countable ]

> > > the country’s economic predicament
She went to the office to “explain her predicament”.
+ in a predicament
Other married couples are in a similar predicament.

Question 14

yearn

Answer 14

/ jɜːn $ jɜːrn / verb [ intransitive ]
(Literary)
to have a strong desire for something, especially something that is difficult or impossible to get SYN long
+ yearn for
»> Hannah yearned for a child.
+ yearn to be/do something
»> Phil had yearned to be a pilot from an early age.

REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say long for something or long to do something rather than yearn :
»> She longed for another child.

Question 15

yearning

Answer 15

/ ˈjɜːnɪŋ $ ˈjɜːr- / noun [ uncountable and countable ]

(literary )

a strong desire for something SYN longing
+ yearning for
»> a yearning for travel
+ yearning to do something
»> He had a deep yearning to return to his home town.

Question 16

repulsive

Answer 16

/ rɪˈpʌlsɪv / adjective

extremely unpleasant, in a way that almost makes you feel sick

SYN revolting , disgusting :

> > > Many people find slugs repulsive.

— repulsively adverb

hideous extremely ugly
»> His hideous face twisted into a smile.
»> a hideous concrete shopping centre
»> a hideous monster

repulsive extremely ugly, especially in a way that makes you want to look away
»> His appearance was so repulsive he had to wear a mask.

Question 17

to use something new or different instead of something else

Answer 17

substitute verb

+ substitute something for something
»> The recipe says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour cream.
—————-
[ intransitive ] to do someone’s job until the person who usually does it is able to do it again SYN stand in
+ substitute for
»> Bill substituted for Larry, who was off sick.

Question 18

revolution

Answer 18

+ revolt/rebellion/uprising
an attempt by a large group of people at revolution :
»> a popular uprising (= involving ordinary people, not the army )
»> coup / kuː / an occasion when a group of people, especially soldiers, suddenly take control of a country : a military coup

revolution in
In the last ten years there has been a revolution in education.
social/cultural/sexual etc revolution
the biggest social revolution we have had in this country
the sexual revolution of the 1960s

Question 19

imitate

Answer 19

/ ˈɪməteɪt, ˈɪmɪteɪt / verb [ transitive ]
1 to copy the way someone behaves, speaks, moves etc, especially in order to make people laugh
ادا در آوردن (براي خنداندن)
She was a splendid mimic and loved to imitate Winston Churchill.
► Do not use imitate to mean ‘do the same thing as someone else’.
Use copy :
تقليد رفتاري كردن (نه براي خنداندن)
»> She worries that Tom will copy his brother (NOT imitate his brother) and leave home.

Question 20

ranger / ˈreɪndʒə $ -ər / noun [ countable ]

Answer 20

someone whose job is to look after a forest or area of countryside :
»> a park ranger

Question 21

marvel

noun [ countable ]

Answer 21

something or someone that is extremely useful or skilful
SYN miracle , wonder :
»> an engineering marvel
»> I don’t know how he did it – he’s an absolute marvel!
+ marvel of
»> the marvels of modern science

Question 22

overstate

Answer 22

/ˌəʊvəˈsteɪt$ˌoʊvər-/verb[T]to talk about something in a way that makes it seem more important, serious etc than it really is
🔺SYNexaggerate
🔺OPPunderstate
➡ To say that all motorists speed in residential areas isoverstating the case.
➡ The importance of a child’s early yearscannot be overstated(=is very important).
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
—overstatementnoun[C,U]
➡It’s an overstatement to say that the man’s a fool.

Question 23

the protection of public health by removing and treating waste, dirty water etc

Answer 23

/ˌsænˈteɪʆn/noun[U]

➡ Overcrowding andpoor sanitationare common problems in prisons.

➡ Manyillnessesin thesetemporary refugeecampsare theresultofinadequatesanitation.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

sanitation workernoun[C]

UK​/sæn.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən ˌwɜː.kər/US​/sæn.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən ˌwɝː.kɚ/us

apersonwhosejobis toemptypeople’sdustbinsand take therubbishaway

Question 24

burgeon

Answer 24

/ˈbɜːdʒn$ˈbɜːr-/verb[I]
(formal)
to grow or develop quickly

➡ the burgeoning market for digital cameras
➡ Love burgeoned between them.
➡ Productplacementhas burgeoned to the extent thatcorporatelogosare nowfoundin mostmainstreamfilms.

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

burgeoning
(adjective)

UK​/ˈbɜː.dʒən.ɪŋ/US​/ˈbɝː.dʒən.ɪŋ/

developingquickly:

Thecompanyhopedtoprofitfrom the burgeoningcommunicationsindustry.

Question 25

…… is a marketing technique in which references to specific brands or products are incorporated into another work, such as a film or television program, with specific promotional intent.

Answer 25

Product placement,

also known as embedded marketing

Question 26

conspicuous

Answer 26

/kənˈspɪkjuəs/adjective

1)very easy to noticeOPPinconspicuous
➡ The notice must be displayed in a conspicuous place.
➡ a bird with conspicuous white markings
➡ I felt very conspicuous in my red coat.

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

⛥ be conspicuous by your/its absence
🔊 used to say that someone or something is not somewhere where they were expected to be
➡a group that were conspicuous by their absence from the awards ceremony

Question 27

to ask for something very firmly, especially because you think you have a right to do this :

Answer 27

demand verb [ transitive ]
»> Angry demonstrators demanded the resignation of two senior officials.
+ demand to know/see/have etc something
»> I demand to know what’s going on.

+ demand something of somebody
»> It seemed that no matter what she did, more was demanded of her.

► Do not say ‘demand for something’. Say demand something : I demand my money back! (NOT I demand for my money back!)

if one thing demands another, it needs that thing in order to happen or be done successfully
= need
»> Too many things “demanded his attention” at the same time.
»> It’s a desperate situation demanding a desperate remedy.

Question 28

needing a lot of ability, effort, or skill

Answer 28

demanding / dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ $ dɪˈmæn- / adjective

“a demanding job “
+ physically/emotionally/intellectually etc demanding
»> Climbing is physically demanding.

Question 29

to endorse a …

Answer 29

+ … proposal/an idea/a candidate etc

|&raquo_space;> The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view.

Question 30

entirety / ɪnˈtaɪərəti, ɪnˈtaɪərɪti $ -ˈtaɪr- / noun

formal

Answer 30

1 in its/their entirety = including every part :
»> The film has been shown in its entirety for the first time.
2 the entirety of something = the whole of something :
»> We stayed in the hotel throughout the entirety of the weekend.

Question 31

an opinion or judgment on a particular subject, especially the official opinion of a government, a political party, or someone in authority

Answer 31

position / pəˈzɪʃ ə n / noun

SYN attitude

+ position on
»> What’s the party’s position on tax reform?
»> The principal “took the position that” the students didn’t need music classes.
»> I hope you’ll “reconsider your position”.

Question 32

reconsider / ˌriːkənˈsɪdə $ -ər / verb

Answer 32

to think again about something in order to decide if you should change your opinion or do something different :
»> He should “reconsider his decision” to resign.
»> We want you to come. Please reconsider.

Question 33

retrieve / rɪˈtriːv / verb

Answer 33

1 formal to find something and bring it back = recover :
»> She bent down to retrieve her earring.
+ retrieve something from something
»> It took four days to retrieve all the bodies from the crash.
———-
3 retrieve a situation British English to make a situation satisfactory again after there has been a serious mistake or problem :
»> The general made one last desperate effort to retrieve the situation.

— retrievable adjective