From different sources 3 Flashcards
when doctors, health departments etc watch an ill person or watch the development of a disease in a population
surveillance / səˈveɪləns $ sər- / noun [ uncountable ]
+ under surveillance
»> Diane was placed under psychiatric surveillance.
when the police, army etc watch a person or place carefully because they may be connected with criminal activities
surveillance / səˈveɪləns $ sər- / noun [ uncountable ]
+ surveillance of
»> 24-hour surveillance of the building
+ under surveillance
(to have sb under surveillance)
»> The police “have had him under surveillance” (= have been watching him ) for months.
»> They were under constant close surveillance day and night.
»> The suspects were “kept under surveillance” .
»> electronic surveillance equipment
tap
Collocation
> > > turn on a tap
Run some cold water into the bath before turning on the hot tap.
turn off a tap
I forgot to turn the tap off.
run a tap (= make water flow out of it )
She stood at the sink, running the tap to get a glass of cold water.
a tap is running (= water is flowing out of it )
I think you must have left the tap running.
a tap is dripping (= drops of water are coming out of it )
If the tap is dripping, change the washer.
a running tap Wash the cut under a running tap.
a dripping tap I could hear a dripping tap.
a leaking/leaky tap (= with drops of water coming from the end ) The leaky tap had left a stain in the washbasin.
the activity of secretly finding out secret information and giving it to a country’s enemies or a company’s competitors
SYN spying
espionage / ˈespiənɑːʒ / noun [ uncountable ]
> > > a campaign of “industrial espionage” against his main rival
Zakharov, a KGB agent, was charged with espionage.
formal
something that is necessary before something else can happen or be done
prerequisite
/ prirekwəzət, prirekwɪzət / noun [ countable ] اسم است
+ prerequisite for/of/to
»> A reasonable proficiency in English is a prerequisite for the course.
needed for a particular purpose
requisite / ˈrekwəzət, ˈrekwɪzət /
adjective [ only before noun ] formal صفت است
SYN necessary , required :
> > > He lacks the requisite qualifications.
the requisite evidence needed for a successful prosecution
a request that is urgent or full of emotion
plea / pliː / noun
+ plea for
»> a plea for help
»> Caldwell made a plea for donations.
+ plea to
»> The parents made an emotional plea to their child’s kidnappers.
»> He refused the appointment on a plea of illness. (an excuse for something)
to tell someone your real thoughts and feelings because you trust them
open your heart (to somebody)
or
pour your heart out
»> It was Lady Holland, his favourite correspondent, to whom he opened his heart.
»> Heather met an old school friend and poured her heart out about her unhappy marriage.
To say something that is meant to be a secret; to say something in an indiscreet, noisy, or boorish manner.
open (one’s) big mouth
»> Why did you have to open your big mouth about my crush on Tommy? Why couldn’t you just keep it between us?
»> We would have gotten away with the plan if she hadn’t opened her big mouth!
To be, or cause someone to be, receptive to or prepared to consider something, such as a topic, idea, opinion, perspective, etc.
open (one’s) mind (to something)
> > > Being in college really helped open my mind to the huge myriad of beliefs and ideals to which different people around the world adhere.
I know you’re hesitant about seeing a psychic about this, but try opening your mind a bit—you might be pleasantly surprised!
To see or realize the truth about something
open (one’s) eyes
> > > The documentary really opened my eyes about the conditions in that country.
Open your eyes, Stan—they’re just using you for cheap labor!
countryside
S3W3/ˈkʌntrisaɪd/noun[U] land that is outside cities and towns 🔺 SYNthe country ➡ The house had lovely views overopen countryside.in the countryside ➡people who live in the countryside
roundabout
not simple, direct, or quick:
➡ You took the roundabout way to get here.
fork
a place where a road, river, etc. divides into two parts, or either of those two parts:
➡ When you reach a fork in the road turn right.
Take the left-hand fork.
tyre
S3(BrE)tire(AmE)/taɪə$taɪr/noun[C]a thick rubber ring that fits around the wheel of a car, bicycle etcI had aflat tyre(=all the air went out of it)on the way home.
➡ Thespare tyre’s in the boot.
⛧ front/rear/back tyre
➡ a punctured front tyre
➡ I’ve got a flat tyre (= the air has gone out of it).
➡ He was driving along the motorway when his tyre burst.
➡ I keep a spare tyre in the back of the car.
a large carriage pulled by horses and used in the past for carrying passengers
busCa bus with comfortable seats used for long journeys
🔺 SYNbus
⛧ by coach
➡ We went to Paris by coach.on a coach
➡ She’s going to Grimsby on a coach.
➡ acoach tripto ScotlandThe restaurant was full ofcoach parties(=groups of people travelling together on a coach).
sor‧cer‧er
/ˈsɔːsrə$ˈsɔːrsrər/noun[C]
a man in stories who uses magic and receives help from evil forces
play the fool
To behave comically or playfully, often to amuse others.
➡ Joe never plays the fool—he’s always serious. ➡ If you continue to play the fool, you’re going to have to leave the classroom.
make a fool (out) of (someone or oneself)
To do something that makes someone or oneself seem stupid or ridiculous. I’m not going to dance too much at the party because I don’t want to make a fool out of myself in front of my coworkers. I know Greg is only trying to impress Lisa, but he’s making a fool out of himself by telling so many corny jokes. Don’t let him make a fool of you like that—say something back!
⛧ make a fool (out) of someone and make a monkey (out) of someone
to make someone look foolish.
➡ John made a monkey out of himself while trying to make a fool out of Jim.
➡ John made a fool out of himself at the party. Are you trying to make a monkey out of me?
dazzling
/ˈdæzlɪŋ/adjective
1)a light that is dazzling is very bright and makes you unable to see properly for a short time
2)very impressive and attractive
➡ a dazzling display of football skills
invoke
1
/ɪnˈvəʊk$-ˈvoʊk/verbT
to use alaw or ruleinordertoachieve something
➡ Police can invoke thelawtoregulateaccessto theseplaces.
➡ The UN threatened to invoke economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.
torequesthelpfrom someone,especiallyagod, when you wanttoimproveasituation:
invoke (2)
➡ Theirsacreddanceisperformedto invokeancientgods.
➡ St. Genevieve is often invoked against plagues.
tocallon something or someone, esp.God, forhelp
to make a particular idea, image, or feeling appear in people’s minds by describing an event or situation, or by talking about a person
invoke
➡ a painting that invokes images of the Rocky Mountains
➡ During his speech, he invoked the memory of Harry Truman.
➡ to invoke a familiar idea.
to make someone have aparticularfeelingorremember something
suggested or understood without being stated directly
im‧pli‧cit
AC/ɪmˈplɪst/adjective
🔺 OPPexplicit
⛧ implicit criticism/threat/assumption
➡ Her words contained an implicit threat.
➡ His statement is being seen as implicit criticism of the work of research laboratories.
⛧ implicit in
➡ Confidentiality is implicit in your relationship with a counselor.
expressed in a way that is very clear and direct
ex‧pli‧cit
AC/ɪkˈsplɪst/adjective
➡ The contrast could not have beenmademoreexplicit.
➡explicit knowledgeof grammar
➡The kidnappers gave usexplicit instructionsnot to involve the police.
➡Be explicit when you talk about money with your family.explicit about
➡He made the rules without being explicit about them.
🔊 explicit orders (easy to carry out)
🔊 explicit directions (easy to follow)
language or pictures that are ….. describe or show sex or violence very clearly
explicit
➡ The film contains some very explicit love scenes.
➡ sexually explicitlanguage
“explicit language”
or
“explicit violence” in movies.
(formal)to explain an idea in detail
explicate
/ˈeksplkeɪt/verb
➡It is essentially a simple notion, but explicating it is difficult.
trained to live or work for humans,
domesricated
i.e. pets and farm animals.
➡ For centuries humans have believe that dogs are domesticated wolves, but DNA testing reveals that they are in fact a different species.
⛧ Domesticated plants.
هم برای حیوان و هم برای گیاه به کار می رود.
⛧ cooking and cleaning are “domestic” chores
⛧ domicile (a building that serves as a home).
🔊 Thus domesticated means an animal tamed to live in your home — or, as some women like to joke, a man.
➡ It will follows a young girl named Adara in her world of warring kingdoms, where domesticated dragons are ridden in battle.
a situation in which someone receives a lot of attention, especially from newspapers, television etc
limelight / ˈlaɪmlaɪt / noun [ singular, uncountable ]
in/out of the limelight
»> Tad loves being in the limelight.
»> The president’s wife wanted to stay out of the limelight.
»> She’s afraid this new actor will “steal the limelight” from her.
»> his few moments of limelight in front of the cameras.
—————
➡ During the game, VAR was in the limelight for the wrong reason when Mitrovic was pulled down in the area and robbing Serbia of a surefire penalty.
a lot of attention in newspapers, on television etc
the spotlight ( / ˈspɒtlaɪt $ ˈspɑːt- / noun )
+ in/under the spotlight
»> Education is once again under the spotlight.
+ put/turn the spotlight on something
»> A new report has turned the spotlight on the problem of poverty in the inner cities.
get/achieve
to get or achieve something that will be permanent, especially after a lot of effort
secure / sɪˈkʊə $ -ˈkjʊr / verb
> > > Boyd’s goal secured his team’s place in the Cup Final.
+ secure a deal/contract
The company secured a $20 million contract.
Negotiators are still working to secure the hostages’ release.
Redgrave won his third Olympic gold medal, and “secured his place in history” .
( informal) certain to succeed :
surefire / ʃɔfaɪə $ ʃʊrfaɪr / adjective [ only before noun ]
»> Children soon learn that bad behaviour is a “surefire way” of getting attention.
»> a “surefire recipe” for success
1) two statements that are ….. cannot both be true
2) …. behaviour, work etc changes too often from good to bad
inconsistent AC / ˌɪnkənˈsɪst ə nt◂ / adjective
1 SYN contradictory OPP consistent :
»> The accounts of the witnesses are inconsistent.
»> His results are inconsistent with our data.
inconsistent with
»> His conduct was inconsistent with what is expected of a Congressman.
2 OPP consistent :
»> The team’s performance has been highly inconsistent this season.
having a very powerful effect or influence on your body or mind;
powerful and effective
potent / ˈpəʊt ə nt $ ˈpoʊ- / adjective
SYN powerful :
»> potent drugs
»> a potent symbol of oppression
»>Advertising is a potent force in showing smoking as a socially acceptable habit.
»>A good company pension scheme remains a potent weapon for attracting staff.
»>The treaty requires them to get rid of their most potent weapons.
to gradually make someone or something less strong or effective
undermine / ˌʌndəˈmaɪn $ -ər- / verb [ transitive ]
> > > economic policies that threaten to undermine the health care system
+ undermine sb’s confidence/authority/position/credibility etc
The constant criticism was beginning to undermine her confidence.
confidence (Collocation)
+ have confidence
Young teenagers often don’t have a lot of confidence.
+ be full of confidence
The team are full of confidence.
+ lose (your) confidence
He’d been out of work for six months and had lost all his confidence.
+ give somebody confidence
I had really good teachers who gave me a lot of confidence in myself.
+ boost/increase sb’s confidence (= make someone feel more confident ) One of my stories was published, which really boosted my confidence.
+ build up sb’s confidence (= gradually increase it ) When you’ve had an accident, it takes a while to build up your confidence again.
+ undermine sb’s confidence (= gradually reduce it )
His constant criticism was undermining my confidence.
+ destroy/shatter sb’s confidence
When she failed her degree, it shattered her confidence.
+ a lack of confidence
She had always suffered from insecurity and a lack of confidence.
