New Words 1 Flashcards
grasshopper
noun [ C ]
us /ˈɡræsˌhɑp·ər/
ملخ
an insect that eats plants and has long back legs that make it able to jump high
fleece
noun [ C/U ]
us /flis/
the wool of a sheep, or a soft, artificial material that looks like wool:
➡ Polyester fleeces are especially popular to provide warmth in coats.
sow
/səʊ$soʊ/verb
(past tensesowedpast participlesown/səʊn$soʊn/orpast participlesowed)
to plant or scatter seeds on a piece of ground
➡ Sow the seeds in late March.
⛧ sow something with something
➡These fields used to be sown with oats.
reap
/riːp/verb
to get something, especially something good, as a result of what you have done
⛧ reap the benefit/reward/profit (of something)
➡ Those who do take risks often reap the rewards.
used to say that if you do bad things, bad things will happen to you, and if you do good things, good things will happen to you
you reap what you sow
اونی که میکاری برداشت میکنی
To succeed in achieving something after trying for a long time
✳️ Word : attain
👉 Examples :
✅ More women are attaining positions of power.
✅ Share prices attained a high of $3.27.
✅ After a year she had attained her ideal weight.
✅ This target should be attainable.
scavenge
/ˈskævndʒ/verb[I,T]
1)if an animal scavenges, it eats anything that it can find
➡Pigs scavenged among the rubbish.
⛧scavenge for
➡rats scavenging for food
2)if someone scavenges, they search through things that other people do not want, for food or useful objects
➡ There are people who live in the dump and scavenge garbage for a living.
⛧ scavenge for
➡Women were scavenging for old furniture.
✔scavengernoun[C]
➡ Foxes and other scavengers go through the dustbins.
detain
/dɪˈteɪn/verb[T]
to officially prevent someone from leaving a place
➡ Two suspects have beendetainedby the policefor questioning.
➡ She was detained in hospital with a suspected broken leg.
—————–
⛧ detainee
/ˌdiːteɪˈniː/nounC
someone who is officially kept in a prison, usually because of their political views
altruistic
/ˌæltruˈɪstɪk◂/adjective
altruistic behaviour shows that you care about and will help other people, even though this brings no advantage for yourself
🔺 OPPselfish
➡ Were his motives entirely altruistic?
——–
altruistic
UK/ˌæl.truˈɪs.tɪk/US/ˌæl.truˈɪs.tɪk/
showingawishtohelporbringadvantagestoothers,evenif it resultsindisadvantagefor yourself:
Idoubtwhether hermotivesfordonatingthemoney
are altruistic - she’sprobablylookingforpublicity.
➡ When no such compensation is received, however, reciprocity fails to explain”altruisticbehavior”.
lure
/lʊə, ljʊə$lʊr/verb
to persuade someone to do something, especially something wrong or dangerous, by making it seem attractive or exciting
⛧lure somebody into (doing) something
➡People may be lured into buying tickets by clever advertising.
⛧ lure somebody away
➡ Computer games are luring youngsters away from their lessons.
⛧ = to attract
⛧ lure somebody back/away
➡ The bank launched an advertising campaign to lure back its traditional customers.
➡ It’s very difficult to lure talent away from Silicon Valley.
Noun:
= attraction
something that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this
⛧lure of
➡ the lure of easy money
➡ Malc wasn’t mature enough to resist the lure of drink and drugs.
sanitation
/ˌsænˈteɪʆn/noun[U]
the protection of public health by removing and treating waste, dirty water etc
➡ Overcrowding andpoor sanitationare common problems in prisons.
extinction / ɪkˈstɪŋkʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable ]
when a particular type of animal or plant stops existing :
»> species “in danger of extinction “
+ on the verge/edge/brink of extinction (= nearly extinct )
»> The breed was on the verge of extinction.
»> They were hunted almost to extinction .
»> Conservationists are trying to save the whale from extinction .
+ face extinction/be threatened with extinction
»> Many endangered species now face extinction.
+ be saved from extinction
»> There are hopes that the animals have now been saved from extinction.
for a period of time for which no definite end has been arranged
indefinitely AC / ɪnˈdef ə nətli, ɪnˈdef ə nɪtli / adverb
نامحدود
> > > The project has been postponed indefinitely.
No animal species can survive indefinitely on Earth.
an event that is imminent, especially an unpleasant one, will happen very soon
imminent / ˈɪmənənt, ˈɪmɪnənt / adjective
قريب الوقوع
+ imminent danger/threat/death/disaster etc
»> He was in imminent danger of dying.
»> A new trade agreement is imminent.
»> imminent danger of dying out.
———————————-
— imminence noun [ uncountable ] :
»> the imminence of the General Election
— imminently adverb
= noticeably
markedly / ˈmɑːkədli, ˈmɑːkɪdli $ ˈmɑːr- / adverb :
»> Johnson and Rivera have markedly different leadership styles.
»> The number of elephants is markedly declining.
marked man/woman
a person who is in danger because someone wants to harm them
very easy to notice
marked / mɑːkt $ mɑːrkt / adjective
[ only before noun ] SYN noticeable :
a marked lack of enthusiasm
»> The patient showed a marked improvement in her condition after changing medication.
»> Miller’s organized desk stood in marked contrast to the rest of the office.
culprit / ˈkʌlprət, ˈkʌlprɪt / noun
[ countable ]
1 the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong :
»> Police finally managed to catch the culprit.
2 informal the reason for a particular problem or difficulty :
»> High production costs are the main culprit .
»> Deforestation and water pollution are the main culprits.
stem from something
phrasal verb [ not in progressive ]
to develop as a result of something else :
> > > His headaches stemmed from vision problems.
The high dmand for animal parts stems from their use in certain foods or medicine.
to become very successful or very strong and healthy
thrive / θraɪv / verb ( past tense thrived or throve / θrəʊv $ θroʊv / , past participle thrived ) [ intransitive ] formal
> > > plants that thrive in tropical rain forests
a business which managed to thrive during a recession
The snakes have thrived in their new environment.
+REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say do well rather than thrive :
The whole family seems to be doing well .
————————-
thrive on something phrasal verb
to enjoy or be successful in a particular situation, especially one that other people find difficult or unpleasant :
»> I wouldn’t want that much pressure, but she seems to thrive on it.
to work together with a person or group in order to achieve something, especially in science or art
collaborate / kəˈlæbəreɪt / verb [ intransitive ]
همكاري كردن
+ collaborate on
»> The two nations are collaborating on several satellite projects.
+ collaborate with
»> During the late seventies, he collaborated with the legendary Muddy Waters.
»> These organizations collaborate with government agencies.
+ collaborate to do something
»> Researchers are collaborating to develop the vaccine.
+ REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say they work together on something rather than collaborate on something:
They are working together on some new songs.
to cut words or designs on metal, wood, glass etc
engrave / ɪnˈɡreɪv / verb [ transitive ]
حكاكي / حك كردن
+ engrave something on something
»> Their names are engraved on a stone tablet.
»> Robert had the date of their wedding engraved on the inside of his wedding ring.
داد اونها حكاكي كنند …
+ engrave something with something
»> a pendant engraved with a simple design
—————-
— engraver noun [ countable ]
Order
Collocation
⛧give/issue an order
➡Do not fire until I give the order.
⛧obey an order
➡He refused to obey this order.
⛧follow orders/carry out orders(=obey them)The men argued that they had only been following orders.
⛧take orders from somebody(=be given orders by them and obey them)
➡I don’t take orders from you!
⛧disobey/ignore an order
➡Anyone who disobeys these orders will be severely punished.
⛧have orders to do something
➡The soldiers had orders to shoot anyone on the streets after 10 o’clock.
(formal)someone who is officially kept in a prison, usually because of their political views
detainee
/ˌdiːteɪˈniː/noun[C]
quar‧ry
/ˈkwɒri$ˈkwɔː-, ˈkwɑː-/noun(pluralquarries)
1)[C]a place where large amounts of stone or sand are dug out of the ground
➡a slate quarry
2)[singular]the person or animal that you are hunting or chasing
➡Briefly, the hunter and his quarry glared at each other.
➖➖➖➖➖➖
to dig stone or sand from a quarry
⛧quarry something for something
➡The rock here is quarried for building stones.
⛧quarry something from something
➡Chalk is quarried from the surrounding area.
run into somebody/something
+ 1 run into hundreds/thousands etc to reach an amount of several hundred, several thousand etc :
»> The cost of repairing the damage could run into millions.
»> The list ran into hundreds of pages.
+ 2 to hit someone or something with a vehicle SYN crash into :
»> He ran into the back of another car.
+ 3 informal to meet someone by chance :
»> Guess who I ran into in town today!
a large area of flat dry land
plain noun
( also plains ) [ countable ]
> > > The grassy plain gave way to an extensive swamp.
the vast plains of central China
a wide open area of fairly flat land in North America which is covered in grass or wheat
prairie / preəri $ preri / noun [ countable ]
چمنزار
plain دشت
a period of time in history that is known for a particular event, or for particular qualities
era / ˈɪərə $ ˈɪrə / noun [ countable ]
era of
»> We live in an era of instant communication.
»> a “new era” of world peace
»> His death marked “the end of an era” .
> > > They lived eras apart.
در عصرهاي مختلف زندگي مي كردند.
——————
+ the present era
+ the modern/post-war/Victorian etc era
+ the Blair/Bush etc era (= the time when a particular political leaders was in power, used especially in journalism )
fitting adjective formal
right for a particular situation or occasion SYN appropriate :
»> I thought the memorial was a “fitting tribute” to the President.
»> a “fitting end” to what was a memorable trip
+ it is only fitting (that)
It is only fitting that Simon should propose the first toast tonight.
به حق - به جا - مناسب
something that you say, do, or give in order to express your respect or admiration for someone
tribute / ˈtrɪbjuːt / noun
> > > The players wore black armbands as a tribute to their late teammate.
I’d like to “pay tribute to” (= praise and admire publicly ) the party workers for all their hard work.
It was a tribute to her teaching methods that so many children passed the test.
—————–
tribute band noun [ countable ]
a group of musicians who play and sing the songs of a famous group, trying to sound and look like them
to make an exact copy of a plant or animal by taking a cell from it and developing it artificially
clone
> > > It is only a matter of time before we are able to clone human beings.
The process allowed Scottish scientists to clone the sheep named Dolly.
to carry out a particular activity or process, especially in order to get information or prove facts
conduct / kənˈdʌkt / verb
+ conduct a survey/investigation/review etc
»> We are conducting a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food.
+ conduct an experiment/a test
»> Is it really necessary to conduct experiments on animals?
+ conduct a campaign
»> They conducted a campaign of bombings and assassinations.
+ conduct an interview
»> The interview was conducted in English.
»> The memorial service was conducted by the Rev. David Prior.
»> It was the first time that I had conducted business in Brazil.
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say do or carry out rather than conduct :
They’re doing a survey of opinions about organic food.
to conduct a / an
+ conduct a survey/investigation/review etc
+ conduct an experiment/a test
+ conduct a campaign
+ conduct an interview
someone who is frail is weak and thin because they are old or ill
frail / freɪl / adjective “frail elderly people “ her “frail health “ \+ frail body/physique \+ mentally/physically frail ------------------------------ something that is frail is easily damaged or broken SYN fragile : >>> It seemed impossible that these frail boats could survive in such a storm. >>> the country’s frail economy
the lack of strength or health
frailty / ˈfreɪlti / noun ( plural frailties ) SYN weakness \+ frailty of >>> the frailty of her thin body >>> "human frailties "
if something is……., it is important or useful, or you gain something from it :
worthwhile / ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl◂ $ ˌwɜːrθ- / adjective
> > > He wanted to do a worthwhile job.
We decided to give the money to a worthwhile cause (= one that helps people ) .
+ it is worthwhile to do something
I thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter.
+ it is worthwhile doing something
It wasn’t worthwhile continuing with the project.
