New Words 9 Flashcards
words, events, or people that are …… have no real worth or value
hollow / ˈhɒləʊ $ ˈhɑː- / adjective
> > > They won, but it was a “hollow victory . “
Even as he spoke, Ivan was well aware of the “hollow ring” to his words.
a situation in which two statements are different and cannot both be true
inconsistency
/ ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi / noun
SYN contradiction
»> There were several glaring inconsistencies (= very noticeable differences ) in his report.
+ inconsistency between
»> Defence counsel looks for inconsistency between witness statements.
——————-
inconsistent / ˌɪnkənˈsɪst ə nt◂ / adjective
1 two statements that are inconsistent cannot both be true SYN contradictory OPP consistent :
»> The accounts of the witnesses are inconsistent.
+ inconsistent with
»> His results are inconsistent with our data.
2 not right according to a particular set of principles or standards
OPP consistent
+ inconsistent with
»> His conduct was inconsistent with what is expected of a Congressman.
on display
a) something that is on display is in a public place where people can look at it SYN on show :
»> Mapplethorpe’s photographs were first “put on display” in New York.
+ be/go on display
»> One of the world’s oldest cars has gone on display in Brighton today.
b) if a quality, feeling, or skill is on display, it is very clear and easy to notice :
»> The musical talent on display is extremely impressive.
display of affection/emotion/aggression etc
an occasion when someone clearly shows a particular feeling, attitude, or quality :
»> Unprovoked displays of aggression cannot be tolerated.
exile
/ˈeksaɪl, ˈegzaɪl/noun
1)[singular, U]a situation in which you are forced to leave your country and live in another country, especially for political reasonsin exile
➡a writer now living in exile
➡Hewent into exileto escape political imprisonment.
⛥force/drive somebody into exile
➡The house was raided and the family was forced into exile.
➡He spent many years inenforced exile.
⛥voluntary/self-imposed exile
➡She had been in voluntary exile since 1990.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
exile
verb[T usually passive]to force someone to leave their country, especially for political reasons
⛥exile somebody to something
➡Several of the leaders were arrested and exiled to France.
⛥ exile somebody from something
➡a dictator who was exiled from his home country
➡the exiled former president
2)[C]someone who has been forced to live in exile
➡political exiles
grimy
/ˈgraɪmi/adjectivecovered with dirt
SYNfilthy
➡ grimy windows
➖➖➖➖➖➖
grime
/graɪm/noun[U]
a lot of dirt
SYNfilth
➡ The walls were black with grime.
nearness in distance or time
prox‧im‧i‧ty
/prɒkˈsɪmti$prɑːk-/nounU
⛥ proximity to
➡We chose the house for its proximity to the school.
⛥proximity of
➡the proximity of the Bahamas to the States
➡Here the rich and the poor livein close proximity(=very near to each other).
sus‧cep‧ti‧ble
/səˈseptbl/adjective
1)likely to suffer from a particular illness or be affected by a particular problem
⛥ susceptible to
➡ Older people are more susceptible to infections.
➡ Soil on the mountain slopes is very susceptible to erosion.
2)a susceptible person is easily influenced or attracted by someone or something
🔺 SYN impressionable.
➡ A lot of TV advertising is aimed at susceptible young children.
⛥ susceptible to
➡ She was very susceptible to flattery
herald
نشانگر بودن
/ˈherəld/verb[T]
to be a sign of something that is going to come or happen soon
➡A flash of lightning heralded torrential rain.
➡Flashing blue lights heralded the arrival of the police.
➖➖➖➖➖
⛥ herald of something
a sign that something is soon going to happen
➡a bowl of daffodils, the first bright heralds of spring
knock-on
با impact نمی آید. فقط با effect می آید.
adjective(BrE)have a knock-on effect (on something)
to start a process in which everything that happens causes something else to happen
➡These price rises will have a knock-on effect on the economy.
سلسله مراتبی و دومینو وار
ambition
Collocations
Somebody’s ambition is to be/do something
➡ My ambition was to be a journalist.
⛥have an ambition
➡He had an ambition to be a top cello player.
⛥achieve/fulfil/realize your ambition(=do what you wanted to do)It took her ten years to achieve her ambition.
⛥lack ambition/have no ambitionMany of the students lack ambition.
⛥ nurse/harbour/cherish an ambition(=have it for a long time, especially secretly)
frustrate/thwart somebody’s ambitions(formal)(=prevent someone from achieving them)
cherish
/ˈtʆerɪʆ/verb[T]
1)if you cherish something, it is very important to you
➡He cherished his privacy.
➡ Icherishthememoryof that day.
⛥ cherish a hope/an idea/a dream an ambition etc
➡willingness to re-examine cherished beliefs
2)to love someone or something very much and take care of them well
➡In marriage, a man promises to cherish his wife.
➡his mostcherished possession
to keep bad thoughts, fears, or hopes in your mind for a long time
harbour
(BrE)harbor(AmE)verb[T]
➡I think he’s harbouring some sort of grudge against me.
➡She began to harbour doubts over the wisdom of their journey.
To harbour an ambition
mono-
/mɒnəʊ, -nə$-noʊ, -nə/prefix
one
➡ a monoplane(=a plane with only one wing on each side)
➡ a monolingual dictionary(=dealing with only one language)
monoculture
noun
/ˈmɒn.əˌkʌl.tʃər/ /ˈmɑː.nəˌkʌl.tʃɚ/
[ U ] the practice of growing only one crop or keeping only one type of animal on an area of farm land:
➡ Extensive irrigation for corn monoculture depletes water resources.
[ C ] an area of farm land on which only one crop is grown or one type of animal is kept, or the crops grown or animals kept there:
➡ These vast monocultures have replaced important ecosystems.
fungus
/ˈfʌŋgəs/noun(pluralfungi/-dʒaɪ, -gaɪ/orfunguses)[C,U]
a simple type of plant that has no leaves or flowers and that grows on plants or other surfaces.
🔊 MUSHROOMandMOULDare both fungi.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
fun‧gi‧cide
/ˈfʌndʒsaɪd, ˈfʌŋg-/noun[C,U]
🔸🔹a chemical used for destroying fungus
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
fungal
/ˈfʌŋgl/adjectiveconnected with or caused by aFUNGUS
➡a fungal infection
break‧neck
/ˈbreɪknek/adjective
⛥ at breakneck speed/pace
⚌extremely and often dangerously fast
➡ He drove away at breakneck speed.
boiling point
a point where people can no longer deal calmly with a problem
➡ Relations between the two countries have almostreached boiling point.
dor‧mant
/ˈdɔːmənt$ˈdɔːr-/adjective
not active or not growing at the present time but able to be active later
🔺 OPPactive
⛥lie/remain dormant
➡The seeds remain dormant until the spring.
➡ a hugedormant volcano
sprout
/spraʊt/verb
1)[I,T]if vegetables, seeds, or plants sprout, they start to grow, producingSHOOT,BUD, or leaves
➡Move the pots outside when the seeds begin to sprout.
➡Trees were starting to sprout new leaves.
canard
/kæˈnɑːd$kəˈnɑːrd/nounC
a piece of news that is false and is told to people deliberately in order to harm someone
➖➖➖➖➖
afalsereportorpieceof informationthat isintendedto deceivepeople
mankind
/ˌmænˈkaɪnd/noun[U]
all humans considered as a group
🔺 SYNhumankind
➡Since earliest times, mankind has been fascinated by fire.
➡one of the most important events inthe history of mankind
consequence
far-reaching consequences(=important and affecting many things)
➖➖➖➖➖➖
long-term consequences(=results that last a long time, or appear after a long time)
➖➖➖➖➖➖
an inevitable consequence(=that you cannot avoid)
➖➖➖➖➖➖
⛥ disastrous/dire consequences(=very bad and damaging)
➡If temperatures continue to rise, it could have disastrous consequences for agriculture.
⛥social/political/economic consequencesa
⛥ direct consequence of something(=a consequence directly caused by something)
mar‧gin‧al
AC/ˈmɑːdʒnl$ˈmɑːr-/adjective
1)a marginal change or difference is too small to be importantOPPsignificant
➡ a marginal increase in the unemployment figures
➡ a marginal improvement in profits
➖➖➖➖➖
🔊 marginal people or groups are not considered powerful or important
🔺 OPPmainstream
➡ The album contains too many songs by marginal bands.
Over-Cultivation
the excessive use of farmland to the point where productivity falls due to soil exhaustion or land degradation.
➖➖➖➖
Overgrazing: the destruction of the protective vegetation cover by having too many animals grazing upon it.
چریدن graze
⛥ graze on
➡ Groups of cattle were grazing on the rich grass.
➡ fields where they used to graze their sheep
de‧sert‧i‧fi‧ca‧tion
/dɪˌzɜːtfˈkeɪʆn$-ˌzɜːr-/noun[U]
(technical)
the process by which useful land, especially farmland, changes into desert
sol‧u‧ble
/ˈsɒljbl$ˈsɑː-/adjective
1)a soluble substance can beDISSOLVEin a liquid
➡ soluble aspirinwater-soluble(=that can be dissolved in water)
2)(formal)a problem that is soluble can be solved
🔺 OPPinsoluble—
solubility/ˌsɒljˈbɪlti$ˌsɑː-/noun
in‧gre‧di‧ent
/ɪnˈgriːdiənt/
➡Combine all the ingredients in a large bowl.
➡The food is home-cooked using fresh ingredients.
2)a quality you need to achieve something
➡Johnhasallthe ingredients ofa great player.
➡Investment in new product development is anessential ingredientof corporate success
trait
/treɪ, treɪt$treɪt/noun[C]
(formal)
a particular quality in someone’s character
⛥personality/character traits
➡a mental illness associated with particular personality traits
⛥genetic/inherited traits
labour
AC(BrE)labor(AmE)verb[I]
1)to work hard
➡ They laboured all day in the
mills.
⛥labour over
➡I’ve been labouring over this report all morning.
⛥labour to do something
➡Ray had little talent but labored to acquire the skills of a writer.
⛥ 2)labour under a delusion/misconception/misapprehension etcto believe something that is not true
➡She had laboured under the misconception that Bella liked her.
creep
/kriːp/verb(past tense and past participlecrept/krept/)[I always + adv/prep]
به آهستگی رشد کردن یا وارد جایی شدن
1)to move in a quiet, careful way, especially to avoid attracting attention
⛥ creep into/over/around etc
➡ Johann would creep into the gallery to listen to the singers.
➡ He crept back up the stairs, trying to avoid the ones that creaked.
2)if something such as an insect, small animal, or car creeps, it moves slowly and quietly
⛥ creep down/along/away etc
➡ a caterpillar creeping down my arm
3)to gradually enter something and change it
⛥ creep in/into/over etc
➡ Funny how religion is creeping into the environmental debate.
4)if a plant creeps, it grows or climbs up or along a particular placecreep up/over/around etc
➡ ivy creeping up the walls of the building
advance
Noun
از advancement استفاده نمیکنیم که کلا معنی متفاوتی دارد.
development/improvement
a change, discovery, orINVENTIONthat brings progress
⛥technological/scientific/medical etc advance
➡ one of the great technological advances of the 20th century
➡ amajor advance
⛥advance in
➡Recent advances in genetics have raised moral questions.advance on
➡an advance on previous treatments
➡theadvances madein the understanding of mental handicap
ir‧re‧ver‧si‧ble
AC/ˌɪrɪˈvɜːsbl◂$-ɜːr-/adjective
1)irreversible damage, change etc is so serious or so great that you cannot change something back to how it was before
🔺 OPPreversible
➡Fossil fuels have caused irreversible damage to the environment
2)if an illness or bad physical condition is irreversible, it will continue to exist and cannot be cured
➡Miller is in an irreversible coma.
➡irreversible blindness
—irreversiblyadverb
➡His reputation was irreversibly damaged by the affair.
