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vtt 214 - lab animal > pt 2 (intro to biomedical research) > Flashcards

pt 2 (intro to biomedical research) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of biomedical research?

A
  1. find causes of disease in humans and animals
  2. improve knowledge of anatomy and physiology
  3. prevent sickness and develop medications and procedures to treat disease
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2
Q

has biomedical research ever helped animals?

A

yes; created vaccines, artificial joints, cancer and disease/sickness treatments, antibiotics for infections

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3
Q

what is a retrospective study?

A

what research has already been done

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4
Q

what is the experimental variable?

A

what is being tested

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5
Q

what is a control group?

A

treated same as experimental groups without experiment variable

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6
Q

what is an experimental group?

A

gets treated with experimental variable

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7
Q

before getting approval to experiment on animals, what does an investigator have to do? list at least 5 things

A
  1. choose best model
  2. determine minimum animals needed to be statistically valid
  3. plan for housing, care, social, physical needs
  4. plan for minimizing pain and distress
  5. get all plans approved by regulatory and funding agencies
  6. practice 3 R’s
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8
Q

what are the 3 R’s? example of each?

A

reduce- use least number of animals to achieve research goals (ex: computer simulations)

refine- refine techniques so that less pain or distress is produced in animals or reduce minimum sample size and reduce numbers of animals required for study

replace- use cell or organ cultures, nontraditional animals or plants lower on phylogenetic scale to reduce numbers

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9
Q

what is the acronym for the group of research vets who accredit facilities who meet their standards for policies and procedures relating to lab animal care?

A

AAALAC

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10
Q

why is AAALAC accreditation needed by research institutions?

A

many federal agencies require this accreditation for institutions to apply for grants

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11
Q

is ILAR a non-governmental or governmental group? what does it do?

A

governmental group; scientists that study the use of animal and non animal alternatives (research, testing, education, and production of pharmaceuticals)

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12
Q

why do research institutions need to meet ILAR standards for animal care?

A

to receive funding from most federal agencies

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13
Q

what is the federal AWA about specifically? which 2 groups does it regulate?

A
  1. regulates handling, maintenance prior/during research
  2. makes it illegal to steal or fraudulently obtain pets for research

IACAUC

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14
Q

what commonly used lab animals are not covered by the AWA?

A

rats, mice, birds

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15
Q

who enforces the AWA?

A

APHIS (animal and plant health inspection service)

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16
Q

what is the definition of a “dealer” under the AWA?

A

someone who transports, buys, sells any dog or other animal, alive or dead, for research, teaching, exhibition, or use as a pet, or any dog for hunting, security, or breeding purposes

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17
Q

what uses of animals other than research are affected by this law?

A

dealers, exhibitors, shelters

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18
Q

how does the government control through the AWA who can do research or be a dealer?

A

dealers must be licensed, and research facilities must be registered

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19
Q

what are the 8 areas of animal care the federal AWA sets standards for?

A
  • housing
  • feeding
  • watering
  • sanitation
  • ventilation
  • shelter for extreme weather and temperature
  • separation by species
  • adequate vet care
20
Q

under what circumstances can the standards set by the AWA be legally ignored?

A

exceptions can be made if the regulations would interfere with the outcome of the study

21
Q

what special requirement applies to cats and dogs in research?

A

they must be humanely identified with a USDA number

22
Q

at the end of the semester when animals are adopted out, what regulations must be followed?

A
23
Q

how long do USDA required records have to be kept?

A

1 year

24
Q

what law requires all educational and research institutions that use live animals to have an IACAUC?

A

USDA; institutional animal care and use committee

25
Q

an IACAUC must have a minimum of 3 members - describe the background for each

A
  1. attending veteranarian
  2. non-affiliated member to represent community interests
  3. one or more other members
26
Q

what 3 things does the IACAUC do?

A
  1. approve research plans
  2. inspect animal facilities
  3. can stop a study involving animals
27
Q

in order to obtain IACAUC permission to experiment on live animals, what information does a researcher need to present to the IACAUC?

A

submit a detailed, written description of the research plan, animal care, and use of IACAUC

28
Q

what power does the IACAUC have to insure that researchers are providing proper care?

A

can stop a study involving animals and make recommendations by submitting reports to institutional offices and copies to APHIS that are required to be implemented

29
Q

the AWA does not cover mice, rats, birds - what other law does cover them?

A

health research extension act

30
Q

what is a purpose-bred animal?

A

an animal bred specifically to be used in experiments

31
Q

T/F most animals used in biomedical research are primates

A

true; vertebrate animals most similar to humans

32
Q

which species are used for 95% of research studies?

A

rats and mice

33
Q

why is the use of animals in research continuing to decline?

A

wanting to reduce risk of stress and harm to animals - more resourceful and accurate to use other things to test on and technology

34
Q

compare animal welfare advocates to animal rights advocates

A

animal rights: oppose animal use for food, clothing, experimenting, work, and sometimes pets

animal welfare: advocate for meeting animals basic needs but don’t oppose using animals for research, pets, food

35
Q

are humane societies animal rights groups?

A

private organizations; some advocate for welfare and others advocate for rights

36
Q

are biomedical researchers against welfare?

A

they are advocates for animal welfare; scientists concern about research animals because healthy animals are necessary for valid research and stressed animals don’t provide reliable data

37
Q

AAALAC

A

association for the assessment and accreditation of laboratory animal care; program administered by vets specializing in lab animal medicine that examines an institutions policies, procedures, and personnel in detail

38
Q

AALAS

A

American association for lab animal science; an organization of individuals and institutions that breed or do research with lab animals - provides means for exchange of info on all phases of lab animal care and management

39
Q

AVMA

A

American veterinary medical association; provides information resources, continuing education opportunities, publications, and discounts on personal and professional products, programs, and services

40
Q

IACAUC

A

institutional animal care and use committee; approves research activities, inspects research facilities to make sure everything is being followed and done to standards

41
Q

ILAR

A

institute of lab animal resources; evaluates and reports on scientific, technological, and ethical use of animals and related biological resources, and of non-animal alternatives in non-food settings

42
Q

USDA

A

United States department of ag; enforcement agency for AWA (sets standards)

43
Q

APHIS

A

animal and plant health inspection services; enforcing body of USDA

44
Q

ALAT; 3 requirements?

A

assistant lab animal technician; 2-year degree, 0.5 years of work experience, pass ALAT exam

45
Q

LAT; 3 requirements?

A

lab animal technician; ALAT, 1 year of work experience, LAT exam

46
Q

LATG; 3 requirements?

A

lab animal technologist; LAT, 1 year work experience, LATG exam

47
Q

CMAR; what level of education is required to become one?

A

certified manager animal resources; bachelors degree

vtt 214 - lab animal (33 decks)

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