lecture exam 2 Flashcards
housing and care
view pt 13 study guide
passerines
finches and canaries
males sing, females peep
psittacines
parrots, cockatoos, cockatiels, parakeets
males have blue cere, females have tan cere
why are pelleted diets best
because they are complete with all nutrients in correct portions (balanced)
disadvantage to pelleted diets
not always accepted
at home food portions for birds
grains 50%
veggies 45%
fruit, dairy, meat, treats 5%
physical exam health issues
general appearance - feathers
posture
attitude
beak
feet/legs
respiratory effort
droppings
water consumption
growths
enteritis and major symptom
issue with GI; increased droppings with more water content
vomiting vs physiological emesis
seeds and discharge would appear stuck to the birds head if it was vomiting
primary symptoms of each bird disease
view lecture quiz 4
reptile vs amphibian
amphibians require water for repro, skin is vascularized, egg fertilization is external
biggest cause of illness in R+A
husbandry issues
how is water provided for R+A
soaking
misting or fogging
drip systems
fountains
swimming areas
how to set up temperature gradient for R+A
hot side with basking area at high end of POTZ, cool side at opposite end of cage at low end of POTZ
other housing info
full spectrum lighting: UVA,UVB
provide hides
provide substrates
R+A diet
- carnivores less likely to need UV and vitamin D supplements
- invertebrate prey have poor Ca:P so gut load or give supplements
R+A medical issues
vitamin A issues
NSP
ecdysis
parasites
(view R+A studyguide)
renal port system
blood returning to the heart from caudal end goes through kidneys and can change pharmacokinetics and damage kidneys - refrain from IM injections in R+A
what lice are common in GP
chewing lice
gene and scientific name for GP
cavy; cavia porcellus
scurvy
caused by too little vitamin C from poor diet or old feed
symptoms: gingival hemorrhage, loss of teeth, bone pain
tx: parenteral and oral vitamin C
which animals are most likely to have tumors
rats
mice
gerbils
which animals are most likely to have abscesses
hamsters
GP
rabbits
all shipping
view pt 17 study guide
essential amino acids
methionine
arginine
tryptophan
threonine
histidine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
valine
phenylalanine
essential for cats
taurine
calorie count for each nutrient
carbs: 4 Kcal/gm
fats: 9 Kcal/gm
proteins: 4Kcal/gm
sugar vs fiber
smaller and easier to digest vs complex and slow
what nutrient is primary determinant of palatability
fats
palatability
taste appeal
what vitamins are fat soluble
A, D, E, K
which vitamins are water soluble
B and C
which vitamins can cause toxicity
fat-soluble
names of B vitamins
B1 - thiamine
B2 - riboflavin
B6 - pyridoxine
B12 - cyanocobalamin
niacin
folic acid
roles of minerals
strengthening bones and teeth, controlling body fluids inside and outside cells, turning food into energy
which nutrients are minerals
calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
iron
zinc
copper
manganese
cobalt
sodium chloride
iodine
potassium
how long can different diets be kept past the milling date
- GP and primates- 3 months
- rasts, mice, rabbits, hamsters - 5 months
- dogs and cats - 1 year
ad libitum
free choice
certified
tests for maximum levels of contaminants
gross energy
amount of heat produced by complete burning - calories
purified
diet made up of pure nutrient compounds
autoclavable
all components are heat tolerant and doesn’t turn into a solid mass when autoclaved
open formula
any ingredient accepted
closed formula
certain ingredients accepted
irradiated diets
used in barrier systems and doesn’t need to be autoclaved
B vitamins
concerned with transfer of energy and nervous system function
vitamin A
needed for eyesight and skin
vitamin D
calcium absorption, transportation, and deposition
vitamin E
antioxidant
vitamin K
needed for normal blood clotting
