lecture quiz 4 Flashcards
housing requirements for reptiles and amphibians (heating, lighting)
POTZ (ectothermic)
full spectrum lighting (UVA/UVB)
hides
water
substrates
heating source at one end of cage
nutritional needs for reptile/amphibian, guinea pigs
R/A: Ca, A, D
guinea pigs: pelleted hay, C
Know how to use a physical exam to check if a bird is eating
palpate crop
Renal portal system
blood returning back to the heart goes through the kidney; can cause nephrotoxicity or change pharmacokinetics of drug
methods to administer medications to reptiles and amphibians
topical
- transdermal absorption (amphibians)
- soaking
PO
- gavage, stomach tube, syringe (into crop)
- hide/inject into prey
- powders or liquids applied to food source
feather picking
- picking feathers from stress
- change environment
abscesses
- caseous, cheese-like
- surgically debride (no local anesthetics)
bumblefoot
- abscessed foot by dirty perches and foot abrasion
- drain, antibiotic ointment, bandage
ectoparasites (scaly face-leg mite)
- burrows into skin
- crusty, powdery, porous lesions
- give oral or injectable ivermectin
uropygial or preen gland infection
- swollen at base of tail
- manually express, hot compress, topical steroid antibiotic ointment
beak overgrowth
- infection, trauma, congenital malformation
- Dremel or nail trimmers to file down
tumors
most common parakeet
normal droppings
white - green - liquid
35-50 droppings/day
weight issues
- palpate keel for muscle loss
- palpate crop (empty = not eating)
acute enteritis
- inc droppings, green, pasted vent, whole seeds in feces
- oral antibiotics, soft diet, heat, vitamins, kaopectate, and maintain hydration
crop impactions
- overfeeding/engorging on grit = neck swelling
- mineral oil-caster oil with gavage needle and massage
PDD
- viral
- chronic weight loss, regurgitation, undigested food in droppings
physiologic emesis
- spit seeds and mucous at mirrors and toys (during mating season)
- remove those items
gout
- deposition of uric acid crystals in joints and visceral organs
- palliative
respiratory disease
- pneumonia, air sacculitis
- discharge above nares, audible respiratory sounds and effort, tail bobbing, depressed, eyes closed, ruffled feathers
- heat, nebulize w antibiotics, oral glucose
psittacosis - ornithosis
- zoonotic
- respiratory signs, neon green urates
- chlortetracycline (treated with before entering US)
ovarian dysfunction
- nest building, emesis of crop milk, egg laying
- place in dark, fake eggs, give testosterone
egg binding
- passerines
- Ca/vit. D deficiency, trauma, obesity, lack of nesting material
- sits on cage bottom with legs spread, palpable swelling respiratory distress
vitamin A issues
- turtles and chameleons
- hypovitaminosis: palpebral edema, keratitis, nasal discharge, anorexia, lethargy, aural abscesses
NSP
- r+a
- metabolic bone disease
- improper Ca:P ratio, inadequate vit. D3
- bone deformity, leg swelling, muscle tremors, death
ecdysis
- shedding
- retained skin
- soak (mineral oil), humidity chambers, rocks and branches to scratch on
parasites
- r+a
mites, ticks
protozoa - amphibians
helminths - pinworm
cestodes
trematodes - amphibians, aquatic reptiles
scurvy
- guinea pigs
- hypovitaminosis C
- gingival hemorrhage, loss of teeth, bone pain
- parenteral and oral vit C
malocclusion of premolars
- GP
- spit out food, anorexia, wt loss
dystocia
- GP
- difficult labor from fusion of pubic symphysis
- c-section
pododermatitis
-GP
- abrasions and subsequent bacterial infection
- inflamed skin, swelling on feet, lameness
respiratory distress
- GP
- bacterial
- nasal discharge, sneezing, dyspnea, otitis media
diseases GP have that mice have
salmonellosis
tyzzers
lymphadenitis
-GP
- inflammation of lymph nodes
- swelling on neck
dermatophytes of GP
trichophyton mentagrophytes
ectoparasites of GP
mites (chewing lice)
alopecia
endoparasites of GP
roundworm and pinworm
