pt 18 (nutrition) Flashcards
potable
clean and fresh water suitable for drinking
what is the difference between an essential and a nonessential amino acid
non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body
can you name the 10 amino acids essential in all mammals?
methionine
arginine
tryptophan
threonine
histidine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
valine
phenylalanine
what amino acid is essential to cats
taurine
what are the symptoms of deficiency of this amino acid
retinal degeneration, cardiomyopathy, altered white-cell function, and abnormal growth and development
what can cause this deficiency to occur
unable to absorb all the taurine in processed diets and/or are unable to synthesize the deficit between absorption and requirement
how many cal/gm do fats have
9 kcal/gm
how many cal/gm do carbs have
4 kcal/gm
how many cal/gm do proteins have
4 kcal/gm
what is the primary function of carbs and fats
supply energy and serve as concentrated energy source
what are two kinds of carbs
simple sugars
fibers
why is fiber important in the diet? which species naturally consume a very high fiber diet
complex carbs are too slow and difficult to digest - retains moisture in fecal mass as it passes through large intestine; grass eaters (rabbits and GP)
are B vitamins water soluble
yes
what are 3 functions of B vitamins in the body
energy metabolism
nervous system function
blood formation
what vitamins can result in toxicity if over-supplemented
fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
what is the letter/number name of riboflavin
B2
what is the letter/number name of folic acid
B
what is the letter/number name of alphatocopherol
E
what is the letter/number name of thiamine
B1
what is the letter/number name of niacin
B
what is the letter/number name of pyridoxine
B6
what is the letter/number name of cyanocobalamin
B12
list 4 fat soluble vitamins
A
E
D
K
what is vitamin A used for in the body
eyesight and skin
vitamin K is needed for
normal blood clotting
vitamin E is an antioxidant - what does it do
what is another name for ascorbic acid? is it water or fat soluble
vitamin C; water
4 minerals required in the diet and for each one describe one use or function in the body
calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
iron
zinc
potassium
copper
manganese
cobalt
sodium chloride
iodine
what ingredient in packaged guinea pig and primate diets may be lost if the food is too old
palatability
taste appeal
gross energy
amount of heat produced by complete burning
ad libitum
free choice
purified diet vs certified diet
made of pure nutrient compounds vs. a sample tested for maximum levels of contaminant
irradiated diet vs autoclavable diet
used in barrier systems and doesn’t need to be autoclaved vs all components are heat tolerable and it doesn’t turn into solid mass when autoclaved
open formula diet vs closed formula diet
any ingredient acceptable vs. certain ingredients must be used in formula
how long can dog/cat diet be used after milling date
1 year
how long can rodent/rabbit diet be used after milling date
5 months
how long can GP/primate diet be used after milling date
3 months
what could happen if you wait too long after milling date
contaminants = illness
where should unopened bags of food be stored? can they be stacked on the floor?
separate room from animals; no, bugs can get into food
how should open bags of food be stored
in vermin proof containers
what is the function of vitamin D
calcium absorption, transportation, deposition
