lab exam 1

Question 1

steps for IC bleeding

Answer 1

under anesthesia and euthanized

Question 2

bleeding sites for mice

Answer 2

IC
retro-orbital
facial
lateral tail
lateral saphenous

Question 3

bleeding sites for rats

Answer 3

jugular
facial
IC
peri-orbital sinus
lateral tail
lateral saphenous

Question 4

bleeding sites for hamsters

Answer 4

IC
peri-orbital sinus

Question 5

bleeding sites for gerbils

Answer 5

IC
peri-orbital sinus
lateral saphenous
(same as mouse, no tail)

Question 6

max amount of blood to draw

Answer 6

• 1% of weight in grams
• don’t draw more than every 3 weeks

Question 7

injection sites and needle sizes for mice

Answer 7

PO: gavage, 16-18 g
SQ: 22 g, 2 mL
IM: 25 g, 0.05 mL
IV: 25 g, 0.5 mL
IP: 25 g, 2 mL

Question 8

physical exam symptoms to look for

Answer 8

odd gait or behavior
ocular or nasal discharge
skin problems
diarrhea
weight loss
dental issues

Question 9

mouse TPR

Answer 9

320-780 bpm
84-280 rpm
95-102.5 F

Question 10

rat TPR

Answer 10

330-480 bpm
66-114 rpm
97-102 F

Question 11

hamster TPR

Answer 11

330-480 bpm
80-100 rpm
97-102 F

Question 12

gerbil TPR

Answer 12

330-480 bpm
80-100 rpm
97-99 F

Question 13

dermatophyte vs contaminant

Answer 13

contaminants cause slow color changing - amber to red color because of alkaline wastes

dermatophytes (white or cream or tan, flat); contaminants (fluffy, tall, white - can change color)

Question 14

sampling steps for fungassay

Answer 14

1. clean site (lay alcohol soaked gauze over site, remove and let air dry)
2. use hemostat to remove larger debris from edge of lesion
3. trim off piece and make fine shavings with a scalpel

Question 15

inoculating steps for fungassay

Answer 15

flame loop
collect sample
transfer to agar (do not bury or close lid completely to allow airflow)

Question 16

incubating steps for fungassay

Answer 16

room temp
in closed dark box
monitor everyday for growth

Question 17

how to read a fungassay

Answer 17

2-3 days agar color change is complete; dermatophytes induce fast color changing and colonies will be small

Question 18

how to stain a fungassay and make a slide

Answer 18

1. 1-2 drops pf stain on slide
2. flame wire loop
3. use loop to remove growth from culture
4. mix with stain
5. place cover slip
6. 10X or 40X to look on edges of clumps

Question 19

unique species specific anatomy

Answer 19

mice: glandular corpus and aglandular fundus; peyer’s patch

rats: no gallbladder

Question 20

endoparasites

Answer 20

pinworm
tapeworm

Question 21

ectoparasites

Answer 21

fur mites
polyplax lice
demodectic mange
fleas

Question 22

steps for retro-orbital bleeding

Answer 22

• under anesthesia
• insert tube above medial canthus
• remove tube and apply light pressure

Question 23

steps for facial bleeding

Answer 23

poke and let drip

Question 24

steps to lateral tail vein bleeding

Answer 24

• warm mouse
• clean tail with alcohol
• use scalpel to nick vein
• let blood flow into tube and don’t squeeze
• apply direct pressure

Question 25

steps to lateral saphenous bleeding

Answer 25

nick vein or insert needle to collect

Question 26

injection sites and needle sizes for rats

Answer 26

22-30 g
PO: 10 mL
SQ: 5-10 mL
IM: 0.3 mL
IV: 0.5 mL
IP: 5-10 mL

Question 27

ringtail

Answer 27

cause: low humidity
signs: annular constrictions on the tail, necrosis and sloughing
treatment: increase humidity, otherwise nothing
(mice, rats)

Question 28

barbering

Answer 28

chewing hair off cage mates
treatment: separate
(mice, gerbils of tail)

Question 29

LVM

Answer 29

cause: virus
signs: acute death, hunched, rough coat, emaciated
treatment: none
zoonotic
(mice)

Question 30

salmonellosis

Answer 30

cause: bacteria
signs: diarrhea, diagnosed by fecal cultures
treatment: eliminate infected animals
(mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils)

Question 31

tyzzers disease

Answer 31

cause: fecal oral transmission of spores
signs: rough coat, watery yellow diarrhea, death, liver lesions
treatment: antibiotics but prognosis is poor - euthanize
(mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils)

Question 32

respiratory diseases

Answer 32

cause: mycoplasma, sendai virus, PVM
signs: chattering, weight loss, unthrifty appearance, head tilt, circling
treatment: oral antibiotics, let it run its course, depopulate
(mice, rats)

Question 33

dermatomycosis

Answer 33

ringworm
(mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils)

Question 34

chromodacryorrhea

Answer 34

red tears
cause: stress, respiratory disease, SDAV
signs: secreted pigments around eyes and nose
treatment: treat causes
(rats)

Question 35

mammary tumors

Answer 35

rats
benign

Question 36

SDAV

Answer 36

cause: direct contact
signs: eye squinting, swelling of neck and jaw, protrusion of eye, keratitis, salivary and lacrimal gland inflammation
treatment: ophthalmic ointment if keratitis is present
(rats)

Question 37

abscesses

Answer 37

cause: bacteria
sings: swelling, anorexia, weight loss
treatment: drainage, clean out, antibiotics
(hamsters)

Question 38

rectal prolapse

Answer 38

cause: secondary to diarrhea
signs: pink tissue extending from rectum
treatment: sedate, reduce tissues with thermometer, place purse string suture, local anesthetic in rectum
(hamsters)

Question 39

ileitis

Answer 39

wet tail
cause: fecal oral transmission, stress, poor sanitation
signs: watery diarrhea, bloated, soiling hind end, acute death, rectal prolapse
treatment: broad spectrum antibiotics, fluids, heat
(hamsters)

Question 40

sweat gland abscesses or tumors

Answer 40

signs: hairless sebaceous gland on ventral midline
treatment: surgery or antibiotics
(gerbils)

Question 41

sore nose

Answer 41

cause: secondary staph infection
signs: inflamed nose, scabbing, can spread (staph bacteria)
treatment: antibiotics
(gerbils)

Question 42

seizures

Answer 42

gerbils - epileptic
reduce stress and sudden changes