Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PR - CNS > PSYCHOSIS + SCHIZOPHRENIA: 2ND > Flashcards

PSYCHOSIS + SCHIZOPHRENIA: 2ND Flashcards

1
Q

MoA

A

Blocks post-synaptic dopamine (D1-D4) receptors.
Acts on a wide range of other receptors = distinct clinical side effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

General facts for atypical antipsychotics

A

More metabolic side effects
May be more effective at treating negative symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examples

A
  • Amilsulpride
  • Quetiapine
  • Risperidone
  • Olanzapine
  • Aripiprazole
  • Clozapine
  • Paliperidone
  • Lurasidone
  • Asenapine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main side-effects of second-generation antipsychotics?

A
  1. Hyperglycaemia
    - Can cause diabetes
  2. Weight gain
  3. Hyperlipidaemia
  4. Hyperprolatinaemia
  5. Sexual dysfunction
  6. QT-prolongation
  7. Hypotension and interference with temperature
    regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which antipsychotics are most likely to cause hyperprolactinemia?

A
  • Risperidone (second generation)
  • Amisulpiride (second generation)
  • First generation antipyschotics e.g. Sulpiride
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which antipsychotics are least likely to cause hyperprolactinemia?

A
  • Aripirazole (it reduces prolactin as it is a partial agonist)
  • Quetiapine
  • Olanzapine
  • Clozapine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do antipsychotics cause hyperprolactinaemia?

A
  • Dopamine inhibits prolactin release
  • Therefore, antipsychotics acting on D2 receptors will reduce dopamine and thus increase prolactin levels
  • Some antipsychotics e.g.
    Aripiprazole will partially act on
    D2 receptors as an agonist, consequently decreasing prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperpro lactinaemia?

A
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Reduced bone mineral. density
  • Menstrual disturbances
  • Breast enlargement
  • Galactorrhoea
  • Possible increased risk of breast cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which antipsychotics are more likely to cause sexual dysfunction?

A
  • Haloperidol
  • Olanzapine
  • Risperidone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which antipsychotics are least likely to cause sexual dysfunction?

A
  • Aripiprazole
  • Quetiapine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do antipsychotics cause sexual dysfunction?

A
  • Decreased libido due to reduced dopamine transmission and hyperprolactinaemia
  • Antimuscarinic effects can cause arousal disorders
  • Al adrenoreceptor blockers are associated with ejaculation and erection problems in men
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which antipsychotics are most likely to cause QT
prolongation?

A
  • Haloperidol
  • Pimozide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which antipsychotics are least likely to cause QT
prolongation?

A
  • Aripiprazole
  • Clozapine
  • Flupentixol
  • Olanzapine
  • Risperidone
  • Sulpiride
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the overall cardiac side-effects of antipsychotics?

A
  • QT prolongation
  • Tachycardia
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hypotension (including postural hypotension)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which antipsychotics are MOST likely to cause postural hypotension?

A
  • Clozapine
  • Quetiapine
  • Risperidone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In which particular group is postural hypotension a concern?

A
  • Elderly
  • Postural hypotension can result in syncope and dangerous falls
17
Q

Which antipsychotics are most likely to cause metabolic syndrome e.g.
Diabetes, high lipid, high sugar, etc?

A
  • Clozapine
  • Olanzapine
  • Risperidone
  • Quetiapine
18
Q

Which antipsychotics are LEAST likely to cause metabolic syndrome e.g.
Diabetes, high lipid, high sugar, etc?

A
  • Aripiprazole
  • Amilsupiride
  • Haloperidol
19
Q

Which is more likely to cause metabolic syndrome (i.e. hyperglycaemia and weight gain), First generation OR second generation antipyschotics?

A

Second generation
antipsychotics are more likely to cause hyperglycaemia and weight gain than first generation

20
Q

What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
(NMS) ?

A
  • Rare but fatal side-effect
  • If rigidity, hyperthermia, tachycardia, sweating, fluctuating conciosuness occurs then STOP ANTIPSYCHOTIC
  • Symptoms may occur after
    5-7 days of stopping (longer if depot has been used)
21
Q

Summary symptoms of NMS?

A
  1. High temperature (fever)
  2. Sweating
  3. Muscle stiffness
  4. Changes in mental state e.g.
    Confusion, Anxiety
22
Q

Which antipsychotic may cause
photosensitivity?

A

Chlorpromazine

23
Q

Which antipsychotic can lower the seizure threshold?

A

Clozapine

23
Q

Which antipsychotic causes anticholinergic (antimuscarinic effects)?

A
  • Clozapine
  • Typical antipyschotics
23
Q
A
23
Q
A

PR - CNS (61 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions