Psychopharmachology Flashcards

0
Q

Catecholamines

A

DA, NE, EPI (monoamines)

Related to emotion

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1
Q

ACh

A

CNS & PNS.
In PNS, transmit signal at neuromuscular junction
In CNS, linked to Alzheimer’s (decreased ACh activity in neurons which innervate hippocampus)

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2
Q

NE

A

Involved in alertness and wakefulness

Linked to depression and mania (manic state linked to too much NE, depression to too little)

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3
Q

Serotonin

A

Linked to depression, MA
Thought to have a role in regulating mood, eating, sleeping, arousal
Too much: manic state, too little: depression
SSRIs

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4
Q

DA

A

Related to movement and posture; high concentrations in basal ganglia
Phenothiazines reduce neural sensitivity to DA, antipsychotic
(DA hypothesis is not conclusive- over activity or sensitivity to DA related to schizophrenic symptoms)

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5
Q

Parkinson’s, schizophrenia, & DA

A

Parkinson’s: underactivity of DA –> L-Dopa –> hallucinations/delusions, psychotic symptoms
Schizophrenia: overactivity of DA –> antipsychotics decrease DA activity –> tardive dyskinesia (tremor & “jerky” movement)

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6
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory post synaptic potentials; stabilizes neural activity in the brain; causes hyper polarization in postsynaptic membrane

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7
Q

Neuropeptides (“neuromodulators”)

A

(Peptide: 2+ joined amino acids)

Slower synaptic action (due to more complicated process of transmission) but longer effect in postsynaptic cell

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8
Q

Endorphins

A

Neuropeptide; anti-pain, similar in structure to morphine

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9
Q

EPI

A

stimulates sympathetic nervous system (“fight or flight”)

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10
Q

Sedative-hypnotic drugs

A

Depressants, slow functioning of CNS; synergistic (additive in effect; ex. benzodiazepines/barbiturates and alcohol can lead to coma)
Enhance activity of GABA
Barbiturates (used as sedative), benzodiazepine, & alcohol

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11
Q

Chronic alcohol abuse

A

Can result in Korsakoff’s syndrome, memory disturbance (due to thiamin “vitamin B1” deficiency)

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12
Q

Behavioral stimulants

A

Increase behavioral activity by increasing motor activity or decreasing fatigue
Amphetamines, antidepressants

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13
Q

Amphetamines

A

Thought to stimulate activity to DA, NE, EPI

Behavioral stimulant

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14
Q

Antidepressants

A

Behavioral stimulant; elevate mood, increase activity, increase appetite, improve sleep quality
Tricyclics, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, SSRIs

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15
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

A

Facilitate transmission of NE and SER, block MA reuptake

16
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

Inhibit MAO, increases synaptic supply of NE & SER (prevents their breakdown/inactivation)

17
Q

SSRIs

A

Inhibit reuptake of SER

18
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Ritalin, amphetamine to treat ADD/ADHD

Increases alertness and decreases activity in hyperactive children

19
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Thorazine, chlorpromazine, phenothiazine, haloperidol
Reduce pos symptoms (hal., del., agitation)
Thought to reduce neural sensitivity to DA (block receptors, making it difficult for DA to bind)

20
Q

Lithium carbonate

A

Mood stabilizer; effectively controls manic symptoms

21
Q

Narcotics

A

Opium, heroin, morphine

Most bind directly to opiate receptors (which normally respond to endorphins) –> alleviate pain