Important Names In Cognitive Psychology

Question 0

Cattell

Answer 0

Divided intelligence into fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence and looked at how they change throughout the lifespan

Question 1

Bartlett

Answer 1

Investigated the role of schemata in memory; concluded that memory is largely a reconstructive process

Question 2

Chomsky

Answer 2

Distinguished between the surface structure and deep structure of a sentence; studied transformational rules that could be used to transform one sentence into another

Question 3

Collins & Loftus

Answer 3

Devised the spreading activation model of semantic memory

Question 4

Craik & Lockhart

Answer 4

Developed the levels-of-processing theory of memory as an alternative to the stage theory of memory

Question 5

Ebbinghaus

Answer 5

Studied memory using nonsense syllables and the method of savings

Question 6

Gardner

Answer 6

Proposed the theory of multiple intelligences that divides intelligence into seven different types, all of which are equally important; traditional IQ tests measure only two of the seven types

Question 7

Guilford

Answer 7

Devised divergent thinking test to measure creativity

Question 8

Kahneman & Tversky

Answer 8

Investigated the use of heuristics in decision-making; studied the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic

Question 9

Loftus

Answer 9

Studied eyewitness memory and concluded that our memories can be altered by presenting new information or by asking misleading questions

Question 10

Luchins

Answer 10

Used the water-jar problem to study the effect of mental sets on problem-solving

Question 11

Macoby & Jacklin

Answer 11

Found support for gender differences in verbal ability

Question 12

McClelland & Rumelhart

Answer 12

Suggesting that the brain processes information using parallel distributed processing

Question 13

Miller

Answer 13

Found that the capacity of short-term memory is 7 (+/-2) items

Question 14

Paivio

Answer 14

Proposed dual-code hypothesis

Question 15

Smith, Shoben, & Rips

Answer 15

Devised the semantic feature-comparison model of semantic memory

Question 16

Spearman

Answer 16

Suggested that individual differences in intelligence were largely due to differences in amount of a general factor called “g”

Question 17

Sperling

Answer 17

Studied the capacity of sensory memory using the partial-report method

Question 18

Thurstone

Answer 18

Used factor analysis to study primary mental abilities – factors more specific than “g”, but more general than “s”

Question 19

Whorf

Answer 19

Hypothesized that language determines how reality is perceived