Psychopathology - Phobias

Question 1

Behavioural approach to Phobias

Answer 1

• A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and learning

Question 2

Two-process model

Answer 2

• Explanation for disorders that create anxiety such as phobias.
• Two-process model = classcal conditioning for onset and operant conditioning for persistance

Question 3

Phobias in terms of classical conditioning

Answer 3

• Phobias are obtained through classical conditioning
• For example, little albert study
• Albert exposed to white rat and loud bang at same time
• Albert associated white rat with loud bang when shown it alone and expressed a fear response
• Generalised fear to most white fluffy things including other animals, and a santa mask.

Question 4

Phobias in terms of operant conditioning

Answer 4

• Classical conditioning seems to fade over time, but Phobias are long lasting
• Operant conditioning is responsible for this
• Operant conditioning occurs when behaviour is reinforced
• In terms of phobias, negative reinforcement is most common as an individual will avoid the unpleasant situation
• Negative reinforcement results in desirable consequence which will be repeated

Question 5

Systematic desensitisation

Answer 5

• Behavioural therapy used to reduce unwanted response like anxiety
• Involves a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations that relates to the phobia
• Teaches person to relax then exposing them to phobia
• Works way through hierarchy while remaining calm

Question 6

Flooding

Answer 6

• Behavioural therapy
• Person exposed to extreme form of their phobia in order to overcome and reduce anxiety
• Takes place across many sessions