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Spring Semester > Psychology Quiz 6 > Flashcards

Psychology Quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Sits between the lower brain & fore-brain

A

Limbic System

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2
Q

linked to emotions, memory, & drives fear

A

Limbic System

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3
Q

The Limbic System includes:

A

hippocampus
amygdala
hypothalamus

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4
Q

plays a role in processing & expressing emotion, (particularly fear & aggression)

A

amygdala

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5
Q

Case Study in _________ Link: Charles Whitman

A

Amygdala-Aggression

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6
Q

If stimulated results in intense changes in facial expressions

A

amygdala

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7
Q

If stimulated might result in an increase in anger or fear.

A

amygdala

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8
Q

If damaged inability to recognize emotions and emotional significance of events.

A

amygdala

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9
Q

Kluver-Bury Syndrome is a result of a damaged _____.

A

amygdala

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10
Q

What is this an example of?

A woman was walking through the park late at night and was robbed. The next day she goes back to the same place she was robbed and walks again.

A

Damaged amygdala

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11
Q

controls endocrine system via pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

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12
Q

coordinates body maintenance (e.g., appetite, sex drive, temperature of body)

A

hypothalamus

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13
Q

linked to emotion & reward seeking

A

hypothalamus

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14
Q

linked to the 4 F’s
Fighting/Fleeing
Feeding
Fornication
Freezing

A

hypothalamus

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15
Q

processes explicit memories & spatial navigation

A

hippocampus

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16
Q

decreases in size & function with age

A

hippocampus

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17
Q

Consists of 4 different lobes

A

Cerebral Cortex

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18
Q

What lobes are located in the Cerebral Cortex?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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19
Q

Responsible for intelligence, personality, voluntary muscles

A

frontal

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20
Q

Responsible for spatial location, attention, motor control

A

parietal

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21
Q

Responsible for vision

A

occipital

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22
Q

Responsible for hearing, language, memory

A

temporal

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23
Q

specific body part associated with specific brain area

A

point-to-point mapping

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24
Q

________ for somatosensory (parietal) & motor (frontal) cortex

A

point-to-point mapping

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25
Q

somatosensory cortex and motor cortex are forms of ________

A

point-to-point mapping

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26
Q

left side controls the body’s right side (& vice versa)

A

motor cortex

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27
Q

left side gets input from the body’s right side (& vice versa)

A

somatosensory cortex

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28
Q

body sensations & touch

A

somatosensory cortex

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29
Q

voluntary movement

A

motor cortex

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30
Q

play a role in higher mental functions

A

association areas

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31
Q

75% of cortex

A

association areas

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32
Q

e.g., learning, remembering, thinking, speaking, linking emotion to sensations, etc.

A

association areas

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33
Q

judgment, self-control, planning, processing new memories

A

frontal lobe areas

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34
Q

damage to different _______ results in different losses

A

association areas

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35
Q

More _______ areas take up more space.

A

sensitive

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36
Q

brain area involved in planning & self-control

A

left prefrontal cortex

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37
Q

Brain damage effects depends on ______ & ___

A

severity & age

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38
Q

________ may occur after serious damage (esp. in kids), but some functions seem assigned to specific areas.

A

Plasticity

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39
Q

What is this an example of?
blindness/deafness frees up unused brain areas
up for other uses

A

Plasticity

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40
Q

helps rewire the brain & improve dexterity of people with brain damage.

A

Constraint-induced therapy

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41
Q

The whole left-brain = analytical & right-brain = creative thing is a ______.

A

myth

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42
Q

verbal processing, speech, grammar

A

left hemisphere

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43
Q

speech production

A

Broca’s Area

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44
Q

If _______ is damaged people can still understand speech but cannot produce it.

A

Broca’s Area

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45
Q

speech comprehension

A

Wernicke’s Area

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46
Q

If ______ is damaged people can still speak fluently, but their words don’t make sense and they cannot understand speech.

A

Wernicke’s Area

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47
Q

making inferences, self-awareness, modulating speech

A

right hemisphere

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48
Q

If _______ is damaged you might not know that you can’t move the left side of your body.

A

right hemisphere

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49
Q

neural fibers connecting brain hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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50
Q

When _____ hemispheres quickly share info. & coordinate activity

A

intact

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51
Q

When ______ info. sharing does not take place.

A

severed

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52
Q

hemispheres operate independently with no “cross-talk”

A

split brain
syndrome

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53
Q

subjective awareness of self & our environment

A

Consciousness

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54
Q

_______ occur spontaneously

A

Altered states of consciousness

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55
Q

What is this an example of?
Daydreaming

A

Altered states of consciousness

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56
Q

______ are induced physiologically (e.g., hallucinations) & psychologically (e.g., meditation & hypnosis)

A

Altered states of consciousness

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57
Q

______ scans sometimes show similar brain activity in conscious individuals & noncommunicative patients

A

fMRI

58
Q

Attention is a ___________

A

limited resource

59
Q

focusing on specific features in environment while (& ignoring other aspects)

A

selective attention

60
Q

can have major consequences…

A

selective attention

61
Q

What is this an example of?
(Cocktail Party Effect): You’re at a party and only paying attention to the person talking to you; when all of a sudden you hear someone say your name and it grabs your attention.

A

selective attention

62
Q

failure to notice clearly visible events or objects when attention is directed elsewhere

A

inattentional blindness

63
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., (invisible gorilla study): You are focusing on the people with white shirts and counting the number of times they pass the ball. While doing this a gorilla walks past the screen but since you were paying attention to something else you didn’t notice the gorilla.

A

inattentional blindness

64
Q

failure to notice changes in the environment

A

change blindness

65
Q

What is this an example of?
You fail to notice that your mom got a haircut.

A

change blindness

66
Q

information often simultaneously processed on separate conscious & unconscious tracks

A

dual processing

67
Q

condition where a blind person can respond to a visual stimulus without having a conscious awareness of the stimulus

A

blindsight
awareness

68
Q

What is this an example of?
blindsight awareness

A

dual processing

69
Q

What is this an example of?
parallel processing & sequential processing

A

dual processing

70
Q

simultaneously processing many aspects of a situation

A

parallel processing

71
Q

used for routine &/or well-learned tasks

A

parallel processing

72
Q

What is this an example of?
Moving on ‘autopilot’

A

parallel processing

73
Q

processing one aspect of a situation/problem at a time

A

sequential processing

74
Q

used for new info. &/or difficult tasks

A

sequential processing

75
Q

What is this an example of?
Processing used when taking an exam or learning how to knit.

A

sequential processing

76
Q

Consciousness follows a cycle known as ___________.

A

circadian rhythm

77
Q

internal biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

A

circadian rhythm

78
Q

differs based on genes experience, and age

A

circadian rhythm

79
Q

regulates circadian rhythms by sending signals to the pineal gland

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

80
Q

located in the hypothalamus

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

81
Q

which releases melatonin in response to darkness

A

pineal gland

82
Q

______ suppresses the release of melatonin.

A

Light

83
Q

______ from phones can act like ‘light’ suppressing the release of melatonin.

A

Blue light

84
Q

periodic, natural loss of consciousness as the body rests

A

sleep

85
Q

characterized by distinct stages & brain wave activity

A

sleep

86
Q

activity of thousands of neurons

A

brain waves

87
Q

number of up & down cycles

A

frequency

88
Q

height/depth of up & down cycles

A

amplitude

89
Q

alert & awake; you have relatively low/small amplitude, but frequency is fast

A

beta waves

90
Q

relatively slow; relaxed & awake; waves are synchronized, and amplitude is high (meditation)

A

alpha waves

91
Q

brief; hallucinations (first stage, is brief, and you are starting to fall asleep)

A

NREM-1

92
Q

What stage of sleep does this occur?
Hypnagogic sensation

A

NREM-1

93
Q

Feeling of falling when about to fall asleep causing a body jerk.

A

Hypnagogic sensation

94
Q

transition to deep sleep; sleep spindles; transition to deep sleep

A

NREM-2

95
Q

bursts of big brain waves that aid in processing memories

A

sleep spindles

96
Q

deep sleep, brain is refreshing/washing itself, and aids in memory

A

NREM-3

97
Q

Slow big waves that occur during NREM-3.

A

delta waves

98
Q

most vivid dreams; muscles relaxed but other body systems active, brain waves are distinct

A

REM (Rapid Eye Movement)

99
Q

REM is also known as _____

A

paradoxical sleep

100
Q

brain seems like it is awake but you are asleep

A

paradoxical sleep

101
Q

Multiple sleep cycles per night (young adults: ~___-min. cycles)

A

90

102
Q

Why do we sleep? – 5 potential reasons

A

Protection, restoration, growth (esp. in babies), memory consolidation, and creative thinking

103
Q

______ sleep the MOST

A

Babies

104
Q

The ______ you are the less sleep you get.

A

older

105
Q

healthy adults: ______ hrs. a night

A

7-8

106
Q

young adults: ______ hrs. a night

A

7-9

107
Q

hunter-gatherers get ______ hrs

A

6.5 - 8.5

108
Q

After several 5-hr. sleep nights, we accumulate “_________”

A

sleep debt

109
Q

Can’t be caught up by one long night of sleep

A

sleep debt

110
Q

after sleep deprivation, ↑ duration of REM sleep

A

REM rebound

111
Q

causes fatigue & irritability

A

sleep deprivation

112
Q

impairs concentration, productivity, & memory consolidation

A

sleep deprivation

113
Q

linked to depression, obesity, & suppressed immune system

A

sleep deprivation

114
Q

_______ & ______ related to academic performance, well-being, mood, & self-control

A

sleep quality & quantity

115
Q

ongoing difficulty falling or staying asleep

A

insomnia

116
Q

criteria for a _______:
significant daytime impairment / distress
occurs at least 3x a week per 1 month

A

disorder

117
Q

older age; being ♀are risk factors for ______

A

insomnia

118
Q

decline in mental & physical health problems with social functioning are effects of ______

A

insomnia

119
Q

neurological disorder impacting brain’s ability to control sleep-wake cycles

A

narcolepsy

120
Q

persistent sleepiness during day; sudden onset of sleepiness/sleep

A

narcolepsy

121
Q

genetic predispositions; immune system abnormalities are risk factors of _______

A

narcolepsy

122
Q

reduces quality of life & can restrict career choice are effects of ______

A

narcolepsy

123
Q

stopping breathing repeatedly while sleeping

A

sleep apnea

124
Q

older age; obesity (esp. in ♂) are risk factors of _______

A

sleep apnea

125
Q

The effects of ________ are fatigue, depression, & obesity; may be cause & effect

A

sleep apnea

126
Q

engaging in normal activity while asleep

A

sleep walking

127
Q

awakening terrified from deep sleep

A

night terrors

128
Q

Sleep walking and night terrors occur during NREM-____

A

3

129
Q

dreams provide psychic “safety valve”

A

wish-fulfillment

130
Q

(story line) is a censored version of latent content (underlying meaning that gratifies unconscious wishes)

A

manifest content

131
Q

(Cognitive Explanation) dreams help sort out the day’s events & consolidate them in memory

A

information processing hypothesis

132
Q

brain stimulation during REM helps develop & preserve neural pathways

A

Physiological Explanations

133
Q

activation-synthesis hypothesis is a ________ explanation

A

Physiological Explanations

134
Q

REM triggers neural activity, which evokes random visual memories the sleeping brain weaves into stories

A

activation-synthesis hypothesis

135
Q

Wish-fulfilment is a ________ explanation.

A

Psychodynamic Explanation (Freud)

136
Q

Manifest content is a ______ explanation.

A

Psychodynamic Explanation (Freud)

137
Q

usually ordinary events/everyday experiences; most dreams involve some anxiety or misfortune.

A

What we dream

138
Q

incorporating prior days’ experience are most common in _______

A

dreams

139
Q

with negative event/emotion: 8 in 10 dreams

A

dreams

140
Q

with sexual imagery:
* 1 in 10 among young ♂
* 1 in 30 among young ♀

A

dreams

141
Q

underlying meaning that gratifies unconscious wishes

A

latent content

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