Psych Quiz 8 Flashcards
follows the same individuals across time
longitudinal research
Issues with _____: attrition effects
longitudinal research
What is this an example of?
e.g., Measuring the same college students throughout their time in college (orientation, midterms, finals, etc.)
longitudinal research
What is this an example of?
e.g., People drop out of these studies (longitudinal).
attrition effects
measures & compares different age groups at a single point in time
cross-sectional research
issues with ______: cohort effects
cross-sectional research
What is this an example of?
e.g., When you are finding differences in age groups, generational literacy (computer literacy, major events like 9/11, economic states) might be affecting the data and not the IV.
cohort effects
What are the major topics in Developmental Psych
- continuity & stages
- stability & change
genes impact both experience – & effects – of environments
genotype - environment perspective
What does genotype - environment perspective include?
- passive
- evocative
- active
biological parents provide early environment (shared genes)
passive
What is this an example of?
e.g., Is development like climbing stairs (discrete) or a ramp (continous)
continuity & stages
What is this an example of?
e.g., Do we stay the same or do we change as we get older?
stability and changes
genes influences actions, which elicit responses from others
evocative
genes influence choice of different
environments
active
What is this an example of?
e.g., Your parents are not into sports, so you naturally are not into/do not play a sport.
passive
What is this an example of?
e.g., An introvert child is likely to go up to others/make friends, so others are less likely to go up to them or befriend them.
evocative
What is this an example of?
e.g., Choosing/picking your own environment when you get older
active
Historically, development psych emphasized _______ & _______ practices of children from white, middle class backgrounds.
competencies & child-rearing
childrearing practices prepare a child to navigate challenges as an adult in that specific environment
cultural-ecological perspective
What is this an example of?
e.g., A 4 year old in the suburbs using a wooden knife vs. a 4 year old using a machete in a tribe.
cultural-ecological perspective
egg exerts choice over sperm
fertilization
day 0–2 weeks
zygote (fertilized egg)
implantation of zygote is _________
~day 10
substances (e.g., drugs, bacteria, viruses) that cause harm during prenatal development
teratogens
The __________ makes it more difficult for the zygote to implant.
uterine lining
(weeks 2 - 9)
embryo
embryo: weeks ______ : folic acid needed to prevent major birth defects
weeks 3 - 4
embryo: week(s) ______ : Y chromosome engages testes to develop & produce T
week 7
(9 weeks - birth)
fetus
sex hormones in fetal brain support female/male wiring
months 4 - 6
rapid development of neural networks in infancy aids in:
-______ development
- _______ development
motor; cognitive