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Spring Semester > PSYCH Exam 4 > Flashcards

PSYCH Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

A

Psychological Disorders

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2
Q

Disturbed or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive.

A

Psychological Disorders

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3
Q
A

biopsychosocial approach

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4
Q
A

The medical model - 1900s

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5
Q
A

The moral treatment movement - late 1700s

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6
Q

______ Influences in Psychological Disorders:
- Evolution
- Individual genes
- Brain structure and chemistry

A

Biological

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7
Q

_______ Influences in Psychological Disorders:
- Stress
- Trauma
- Learned helplessness
- Mood-related perceptions and memories

A

Psychological

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8
Q

_______ Influences in Psychological Influences:
- Roles
- Expectations
- Definitions of normality and disorder

A

Socio-cultural

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9
Q
  • Predicts the disorder’s future course
  • Suggests appropriate treatment
  • Prompts research into its causes
A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th Edition

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10
Q

Changes in ______:
- Some label changes:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition

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11
Q

New or altered diagnoses in ________:
- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
- Hoarding Disorder
- Binge Eating Disorder

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition

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12
Q

-

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition

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13
Q
  • Affects 1 million people worldwide
  • Higher risk with diagnosis of depression but may occur with rebound
  • More likely to occur when people feel disconnected from or as if they are a burden to others
A

Suicide

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14
Q

Why do people commit Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) to themselves?

A
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15
Q

Research of _______ shows:
- National differences
- Racial differences
- Gender differences
- Age differences and trends
- Other group differences
- Missouri and Connecticut
- Day-of-the-week differences

A

Suicide and Self-Injury

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16
Q

Mental disorders _______ lead to violence, and clinical prediction of violence is unreliable

A

seldom

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17
Q

Most people with disorders are _______ and are more likely to be victims than attackers.

A

nonviolent

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18
Q

True or False:
Disorder equals danger.

A

False

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19
Q

________ is a risk factor of Psychological disorders

A

Poverty

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20
Q

Marked by distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

A

Anxiety disorders

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21
Q

Person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

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22
Q

Person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread and often lives in fear of when the next attack might strike.

A

Panic Disorder

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23
Q

Person experiences a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

A

Phobia

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24
Q

Characterized by:
- obsessions
- compulsions

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

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25
Q

Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience

A

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

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26
Q

_________ often affects:
- Veterans
- Survivors of accidents & disasters
- Survivors of violent and sexual assaults
- Women are at higher risk.

A

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

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27
Q

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

A

Somatic symptom disorder

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28
Q

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly called hypochondriasis)

A

Illness anxiety disorder

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29
Q
A

Major depressive disorder

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30
Q

Person experiences mildly depressed mood more often than not for at least 2 years, along with at least two other symptoms.

A

Persistent depressive disorder

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31
Q
A

Seasonal pattern

32
Q
A

Biological purpose

33
Q

Disorder in which a person alternates between:
- Depression
- Mania

Less common; more dysfunctional
- Potent predictor of suicide

A

Bipolar disorder

34
Q
  1. Stressful Experiences
  2. Negative Explanatory style
  3. Depressed mood
  4. Cognitive and behavioral changes
A

The Vicious Cycle of Depressed Thinking

35
Q

The DSM-5 Criteria for _____:
- Presence of delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized thinking
- Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
- Negative symptoms, such as reduced emotional expression

A

Schizophrenia

36
Q
  • Late adolescence or early adulthood
  • As people age, psychotic episodes last longer, and recovery periods shorten.
A

Chronic schizophrenia (process schizophrenia)

37
Q
  • Can begin at any age
  • Often a response to an emotionally traumatic event
  • Has extended recovery periods
A

Acute schizophrenia (reactive
schizophrenia)

38
Q

Brain abnormalities with _______:
- Brain chemistry
- Abnormal brain activity and anatomy

A

Schizophrenia

39
Q

Prenatal environment and risk of ______:
- Low birth weight
- Lack of oxygen during delivery
- Maternal prenatal nutrition
- Older paternal age
- Midpregnancy viral infection (e.g., flu, dense population, season of birth)

A

Schizophrenia

40
Q

Genetic factors with ________:
- Odds of being diagnosed are nearly 1 in 100
- Family member
- Identical twin
- Epigenetic factors influence gene expression.

A

Schizophrenia

41
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for _____:
- Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personalities.

  • Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal info, and traumatic events.
  • The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment.
A

Dissociative Identity Disorder

42
Q
  • Disruptive, inflexible, and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
  • Disorder forms three clusters, characterized by:
  • Anxiety
  • Eccentric or odd behaviors
  • Dramatic or impulsive behaviors
A

Personality Disorders

43
Q

The DSM-5 for _______:
A. A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since 15 yrs old.

  1. Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors.
  2. Deceitfulness
  3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
  4. Irritability and aggressiveness
  5. Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others.
  6. Consistent irresponsibility
  7. Lack of remorse
A

Antisocial Personality Disorder

44
Q

Forms of _____:
- Anorexia nervosa
- Bulimia nervosa
- Binge-eating disorder
- Family/Culture impact

A

Eating Disorders

45
Q

_______ disorders
- Intellectual Disability
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Attention
- Deficit/Hyperactivity
- Disorder

A

Neurodevelopmental

45
Q

A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
- Rates
- Other countries versus US
- Boys versus Girls
- Treatment
- Varies by age

A

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD)

45
Q

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by:
- IQ score
- Difficulty adapting to life’s demands

A

Intellectual disability

46
Q
  • Appears in childhood
  • Marked by significant limitations in:
    • communication
    • social interaction
    • rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors
A

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

47
Q
  • Hope for demoralized people
  • New perspective for oneself and the world
  • Empathic, trusting, caring relationship (therapeutic alliance)
A

Three basic benefits for all psychotherapies

48
Q

A person seeking _______ is encouraged to ask about:
- Treatment approach
- Values
- Credentials
- Fees

A

therapy

49
Q

used to evaluate drug effectiveness

A

Placebo and double-blind techniques

50
Q

Study of drug effects on mind and behavior

A

Psychopharmacology

51
Q
  • Mimic certain neurotransmitters reduce overreaction to irrelevant stimuli
  • Side effects
  • Pair with life-skills programs and family support to treat schizophrenia
A

Antipsychotic drugs

52
Q
  • Depress CNS activity
  • Xanax, Ativan
  • Used in combination with psychological therapy- Possible problems
A

Antianxiety drugs

53
Q
  • Increase availability of norepinephrine or serotonin
  • Promote birth of new brain cells
  • Ex. Prozac, Cymbalta
    Effectiveness
A

Antidepressant drugs

54
Q

Controls manic episodes

A

Depakote

55
Q

Levels out the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder

A

Lithium

56
Q

Depakote and Lithium are ________.

A

Mood-stabilizing medications

57
Q
  • Manipulates the brain by shocking it
  • Anesthesia and muscle relaxant
  • Effectiveness
A

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

58
Q

Administers a weak (1- to 2-milliamp) current directly to the scalp

A

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS)

59
Q

Sends magnetic energy to brain surface through coiled
- wire held close to brain
- fewer side effects
- modest effectiveness

A

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

60
Q

Manipulates the depressed brain via pacemaker

  • stimulates inhibition activity related to
    negative emotions and thoughts
A

Deep brain stimulation

61
Q
  • Removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
  • Is irreversible
A

Psychosurgery

62
Q
  • uncontrollably emotional or violent patients
  • Cuts the nerves
A

Lobotomy

63
Q

The treatment of depression with ECT best illustrates _____

A

Biomedical therapy

64
Q

Even when raised apart, identical twins may develop similar phobias. This illustrates the impact of _____

A

Genetic influences

65
Q

Drugs that block ____ receptors often lessen the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

dopamine

66
Q

A person who engages in excessive skin-picking would be diagnosed with ____

A

excoriation disorder

67
Q

T or F:
Having a low birth weight is NOT a prenatal influence that could be associated with the symptoms of schizophrenia.

A

False

68
Q

Such behaviors as burning one’s skin, hitting oneself, or inserting objects under one’s skin are examples of ______>

A

Non suicidal self-injury

69
Q

To treat Ernie’s vaping, his therapist shocks his leg every time he picks up his e-cig. This best illustrates ______.

A

aversive conditioning

70
Q

The repeated association of pleasant, relaxing states with stimuli that arose fear is a central feature of ______.

A

systematic desensitization

71
Q

T or F:
ADHD is most clearly characterized by low intelligence.

A

False

72
Q

Because he didn’t study for his test, Tom assumed he’d fail and lose his scholarship. These conclusions best illustrate _____.

A

catastrophizing

73
Q

T or F:
Today’s psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by social circumstances.

A

True

74
Q

Bob experiences antisocial personality disorder. At what age did he likely first show symptoms?

A

8

Spring Semester (29 decks)

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