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Spring Semester > Psych Quiz 10 > Flashcards

Psych Quiz 10 Flashcards

1
Q

random

A

variable

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2
Q

If behavior is increasing then it is ________ Reinforcement.

A

Positive

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3
Q

A generalized reinforcer that is characterized by physical traits applied to it.

A

token

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4
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., A point system, tokens, tickets, etc.

A

token economy

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5
Q

Stimulus/event following a behavior that ↓s the probability of the behavior being repeated

A

Punishment

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6
Q

_______ isn’t the same thing as negative reinforcement..

A

Punishment

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7
Q

↓s probability of behavior

A

Punishment

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8
Q

↑s probability of behavior

A

negative reinforcement

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9
Q

Consists of adding something

A

Positive (+) Punishment

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10
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Dog chews on wall + yelling at dog = dog stops chewing on wall

A

Positive (+) Punishment

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11
Q

Consists of removing something

A

Negative (–) Punishment

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12
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Person swears a lot + Introduce swear jar = Stops cursing

A

Negative (–) Punishment

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13
Q

Effects appear to be temporary

A

Problems with punishment

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14
Q

Reinforces any behavior that ↓s
the probability of punishment.

A

Problems with punishment

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15
Q

Extinction or condition incompatible behaviors.

A

Alternatives to punishment

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16
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., A kid being bad - ignore bad behavior

A

Alternatives to punishment

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17
Q

Reinforcing successive approximations of goal behavior

A

Shaping

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18
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g.,
- Reinforcing bad behavior that leads to what you want
- A teacher makes you submit essay topic, then essay outline, then essay rough draft

A

Shaping

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19
Q

Timing/frequency of reinforcement

A

Reinforcement schedule

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20
Q

Reinforce behavior every time it occurs.

A

Continuous Schedule

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21
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Giving dog a treat every time it sits

A

Continuous Schedule

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22
Q

Pro of _______ Schedule: Quicker learning

A

Continuous Schedule

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23
Q

A con of _____ Schedule: No reinforce = no behavior

A

Continuous Schedule

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24
Q

Reinforce behavior frequently/once in a while.

A

Intermittent

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25
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Sometimes you give your dog a treat when they sit.

A

Intermittent

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26
Q

Pro of ______ Schedule: ↑ sustained w/o reinforcement.

A

Intermittent

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27
Q

Con of ______ Schedule: ↓ learning

A

Intermittent

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28
Q

reinforce after a set amount of time
– activity ↑s near set time

A

fixed interval

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29
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Kid gets allowance at the end of the week, so they wait until the end of the week to clean room.

A

fixed interval

30
Q

Time

A

interval

31
Q

Number of responses

A

ratio

32
Q

reinforce after a fixed number of responses
– activity ↓s after reinforcer

A

fixed ratio

33
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Buy three get one free

A

fixed ratio

34
Q

time of / between reinforcement varies
– moderate & steady activity

A

variable interval

35
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Your boss stopping by; a health inspector visiting

A

Variable interval

36
Q

reinforce after a changing number of responses
– ↑-est activity of all schedules

A

Variable ratio

37
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Slot machines, lottery, social media

A

Variable ratio

38
Q

_______ processes influence conditioning.

A

Cognitive

39
Q

behavior shaped by consequences
– reinforcement: increases behavior
– punishment: decreases behavior

A

operant conditioning

40
Q

– stimulus presented (added) or removed
– not “good” or “bad”

A

positive vs. negative

41
Q

learning that isn’t apparent until there’s an incentive

A

latent learning

42
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., A dog not sitting when there isn’t a treat or a dog only sitting for a treat.

A

latent learning

43
Q

We’re sometimes aware of our own ________.

A

Conditionings

44
Q

desire to perform behavior solely for its own sake

A

intrinsic motivation

45
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., internal desire; motivation

A

intrinsic motivation

46
Q

desire to perform behavior to receive
reward or avoid punishment

A

extrinsic motivation

47
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Disulfiram makes me sick if I drink = Reduced treatment effectiveness

A

extrinsic motivation

48
Q

_______ motivation is more likely to keep behavior going.

A

Intrinsic

49
Q

______ + money = excessive rewards can ruin intrinsic motivation

A

intrinsic motivation

50
Q

Conditioning isn’t the only form of ________.

A

learning

51
Q

acquisition of mental info, whether by observing events, watching others, or through language

A

cognitive learning

52
Q

learning by observing & imitating others

A

observational learning

53
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Watching a YouTube video to learn how to make ramen.

A

observational learning

54
Q

process of observing & imitating a specific behavior

A

modeling

55
Q

observed aggression = ______ aggression

A

more

56
Q

learning by observing others receiving reinforcement/ punishment

A

vicarious learning

57
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Child observes an adult being scolded for hitting Bobo doll = less aggression

A

vicarious learning

58
Q

sensory receptors & nervous system receive & represent stimulus energies from the environment

A

sensation

59
Q

process of organizing & interpreting sensory information
* enables us to recognize meaningful objects & events

A

perception

60
Q

begins with sensory receptors & works up to the brain’s integration of sensory info

A

bottom-up processing (sensation)

61
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., hmaun

A

bottom-up processing (sensation)

62
Q

construct perceptions drawing from experience & expectations

A

top-down processing (perception)

63
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., You don’t need all of the words to be spelled accurately because of prior knowledge.

A

top-down processing (perception)

64
Q

Conversion of one form of energy into another.
In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies (e.g., sight) into neural impulses our brain can interpret

A

transduction

65
Q

The relationship between sensation & perception is impaired in _______.

A

Capgras Delusion

66
Q

What is this an example of when recognizing someone?

e.g., Recognition of emotional history with person who has those features.

A

top-down processing (perception)

67
Q

What is this an example of when recognizing someone?

e.g., Those features match
those of my friend Tom.

A

bottom-up processing (sensation)

68
Q

What process isn’t included in Capgras Delusion?
e.g., They recognize someone, but don’t feel any connection to them.

A

top-down processing (perception)

69
Q

minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

A

absolute threshold

70
Q

input below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness

A

subliminal

71
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., You think you hear music outside

A

absolute threshold

72
Q

What is this an example of?
e.g., Where’s Waldo game

A

subliminal

Spring Semester (28 decks)

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