Psych Quiz 7 Flashcards
drugs that act on the nervous system to alter perceptions & moods
psychoactive drugs
characterized by continued craving & use of substances despite significant life disruption &/or physical risk
substance use disorder
DSM-V criteria for substance use disorder fall into 4 categories:
- impaired control
- diminished social functioning
- risky use
-physical dependence
compulsive craving despite known harmful consequences;
struggles when attempting to stop use
addiction
with repeated use, achieving desired effect requires ↑ doses
tolerance
discomfort & distress following discontinuation of use
withdrawal
The “________________” is highly debated
brain disease model of addiction
psychoactive drugs that produce feelings of
pleasure ↑ DA release in brain’s reward pathway.
psychoactive drugs
↓ neural activity & slows bodily functions
depressants
acts on GABA receptors à relaxation & disinhibition
alcohol
Alcohol is considered a _________ drug.
depressant
effects of ___________ are:
* disrupts memory
* impairs growth of synaptic connections
alcohol
Medically alcohol is used to __________.
relieve pain
act on GABA, depress CNS activity, ↓ anxiety
barbiturates
barbiturates are considered a _________ drug
depressant
other effects of ___________: impaired memory & judgment
barbiturates
The medical use for barbiturates are:
sleep/anxiety relief; can treat seizures
↑ dose-fatality rate
barbiturates
↓ dose-fatality rate
benzodiazepines
inability to stop using drugs
impaired control
What is this an example of?
E.g., withdrawal
physical dependence
Effecting one’s daily routine
diminished social functioning
What are the types of psychoactive drugs?
Depressants, Stimulants, Hallucinogens
If you give people fake alcohol, they will act like they’re drunk.
expectancy effect
The fatal dose of barbiturates are ____x the medical dose.
10
The fatal dose of benzodiazepines are _____x the medical dose.
100
______ are highly addictive.
opiates
depress neural activity, temporarily ↓ pain & anxiety
opiates
other effects of ______: slow breathing, cause lethargy, highly addictive
opiates
The medical use of opiates is _______.
pain relief
We have opiate receptors in our _______.
brain
What is this an example of?
e.g., runner’s high (the runner stops feeling pain)
opiate receptors in our brain working
Opiates are considered a ________ drug.
depressant
↑ neural activity & speed up bodily functions
stimulants
binds to Ach receptors, ↑ alertness / mental efficiency
nicotine
releases flood of various neurotransmitters
nicotine
other effects of ________:↓ appetite & stress; highly addictive: acute cravings & withdrawal symptoms
nicotine
The medical use of nicotine is __________.
may ↓ risk of Parkinson’s
Nicotine is considered a ________ drug.
stimulant
produces quick rush of euphoria, confidence, energy
cocaine
other effects of _________: cardiovascular stress, suspiciousness
cocaine
The medical use of cocaine is _________.
local anesthetic
_______ blocks reuptake of DA:↑ levels in synapse
cocaine
you crash w/in 15-30 min of using _________.
after NT levels drop
cocaine
Cocaine is considered a ________ drug.
stimulant
↑ energy & mood
amphetamines
other effects of ________: irritability & insomnia
amphetamines
↑ DA release & blocks DA reuptake
amphetamines
The medical use of amphetamines is __________.
↑ attention / alertness
chemically similar to amphetamines, but ↑-er effects
methamphetamines
Effects of _________:
* irritability, insomnia, hypertension, seizures
* ↑ addictive; can ↓ baseline DA levels
methamphetamines
stimulant & mild hallucinogen
MDMA (ecstasy)
produces emotional elevation & disinhibition
MDMA (ecstasy)
other effects of _________: dehydration & overheating,
depressed mood (hrs. after use),
impaired cognitive & immune functioning
MDMA (ecstasy)
acts on serotonin
* ↑ release &
blocks reuptake
MDMA (ecstasy)
The medical use of MDMA (ecstasy) =
PTSD treatment
MDMA (ecstasy) is considered a _________ drug.
stimulant
distort perceptions
hallucinogens
↑ sensations, pain relief, time distortion, relaxation
marijuana (THC)
other effects _________ include:
↓ learning & memory
↓ reaction-time
marijuana (THC)
marijuana (THC) is considered a _______ drug.
hallucinogen
strong hallucinations & time distortion
LSD (acid)
interferes with serotonin NT system
LSD (acid)
other effects of ________ include:
“bad trip” & flashbacks
LSD (acid)
LSD (acid) is considered a __________ drug.
hallucinogen
The various contributing factors that cause some people to regularly use psychoactive drugs?
biological, psychological, social
some vulnerable to specific drugs (e.g., alcohol)
biological
stress, depression, hopelessness
psychological
cultural acceptance or negative peer influence
social
Virtually all humans make a rapid transition to regular
psychoactive drug use in _________, be it caffeine, alcohol,
nicotine, cannabis, betel nut, or some other substance.
adolescence
= hijack hypothesis: drugs interfere with natural reward systems in brain
Traditional perspective
Almost all major recreational drugs are _________.
plant neurotoxins
are thought to have evolved to deter consumption
plant neurotoxins
How could something that evolved to deter consumption be reinforcing?
Paradox of Drug Reward
drug use is new and human bodies are not designed & adapted to use drugs
evolutionary novelty
the idea that people do costly things (drugs) to show off
costly signaling
Drugs (ones that derive from plants) evolved to fight off against parasites..
counter-exploitation against parasites
________ really don’t like nicotine, marijuana, etc.
parasites
What is the most supported hypothesis for drug use?
counter-exploitation against parasites
