psychology over the lifespan Flashcards

Question

difference between egocenterism & theory of mind

Answer 1

if a child is egocentric, then they don't have a theory of mind -they don't understand someone who may have a different like or dislike than them -if they do have theory of mind, they will think of others and take into account their different opinions

Answer 2

-logic reasoning begins -conservation (numbers, math, and weight) -classification (can classify objects according to several features) -reversibility (can look at objects viewpoints)

Answer 3

age 11 to 15 -scientific method approach to thinking -can think logically about abstract concepts -can consider hypothetical concepts -if/then situations

Answer 4

-babies can understand naive physics & math (ex. walking through a podium, babies will stare) -piaget underestimated children -lev vygotsky & social self-talk (social child, scaffolding)

Answer 5

-emphasizes talk matters -talking them though things, talking to them, etc

Answer 6

--increased diagnosis in recent years --difficulty taking another person's viewpoint --brain connections allowing such a function are inefficient -boys are 4x likely to develop ASD ---have more brain activity ( it is not efficeint)

Answer 7

this is in infancy & childhood -separation anxiety (beginning at 6 mo-2yrs) -strange situation experiments (used to discover how child reacts) -secure attachment (60-70%) -insecure attachment (avoidant, resistant, disorganized)

Answer 8

shows social development: attachment -showed importance of comfort contact (with food and scaring them. went to wire money for food, but cloth monkey for comfort)

Answer 9

authoritarian: impose tules, exact obedience permissive: submit to children, use little punishment authoritative: demanding & responsive

Answer 10

puberty: period during which sexual organs mature -children's bodies begin producing hormones at an adult level -androgens: male hormones -estrogens: female hormones -menarche

Answer 11

-testes and penis start to enlarge, sperm starts to produce secondary: armpit hair, voive

Answer 12

-primary: ovulation and menstration -secondary: breasts develop, growth of pubic arm pit hair, body changes (hips widen and waist narrows)

Answer 13

the first mentruation

Answer 14

adolescent egocentrism: overly concerned with their own thoughts & feelings imaginary audience: adolescents believe that other are watching them constantly personal fable: belief that their experiences and feelings are unique illusion of invulnerability: think that misfortunes happens mainly to others & not themselves

Answer 15

-lawrence kohlberg -moral dimensions -three levels of moral development 1. Preconventional 2. Conventional 3. Postconventiona;

Answer 16

-obedience & punishment: behavior driven by avoiding punishment individual interest: behavior driven by self-interest & rewards

Answer 17

interpersonal: behavior driven by social approval authority: behavior driven by obeying authority & conforming to social order

Answer 18

social contract: behavior driven by balance of social order & individual rights universal ethics: behavior driven by internal moral principles justice- what do you deserve

Answer 19

-ex: heinz steals an expensive drug from a greedy pharmacist to save his dying wife -boys were asked to reason about morality (aged 10 to 16) -preconventional level: fear of punishment (stealing gets in trouble) conventional: driven by what others thing, want to be a 'good boy or girl' postconventional: social contract, human life is highest principle, we have a duty to save lives, universal ethical principles

Answer 20

-culture-specific, gender-specific, reasoning versus behavior

Answer 21

-conflicts with parents (begin in separation) -most frequently in early adolescence -most intense mid-adolescence -mood swings (forging identity) -dont think anything bad will happen to them

Answer 22

period from biological maturity to social independance

Answer 23

early adulthood: 22-34 years middle adulthood -early middle: 35-44 -late middle: 45-64 late adulthood: 65+

Answer 24

athletes peak at 27 years of age By 40, physical prowess decline accelerates (this mainly has to do with lifestyle choices, not age)

Answer 25

-fertility declines -menopause (avg age is 50)

Answer 26

gradual deterioration in immune system as we age -our capacity to respond to infections -we maintain our long-term immune memory that was required

Answer 27

perception -vision dims -pupil shrinks -lens less transparent -hearing declines -taste declines processing speed -slows, more accidents after 75

Answer 28

terminal decline: memory based more on proximity to death than age semantic: names mixed up episodic: events.. remember slower but recall as much working memory: recognition vs recall.. older adults good at recognition, worse at recall

Answer 29

-"midlife crisis" is a myth -erikson's psychosocial stages in adulthood (intimacy versus isolation) (generativity versus self-absorption) -personality is stable through adulthood -mature emotions

Answer 30

-grief (death of a spouse of child) -bereavement (longer fro some, other never get over. discussing help) -cultural differences (showing grief publicly or not)