consciousness

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

our awareness of our own existence, sensation, and cognitions

Question 2

two states

Answer 2

normal consciousness, altered consciousness

Question 3

dual processing

Answer 3

info is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious tracks
(ex. blindsight)

Question 4

parallel processing

Answer 4

brain processes multiple functions simulatneosuly

Question 5

selective attention

Answer 5

attend to a select portion of the environment

Question 6

pop out effect

Answer 6

occurs if something is unique, or just kind of stands out

Question 7

search effect

Answer 7

ex. going into cafeteria and trying to find your friends

search for something in a bunch of visual factors/stimulators

trying to listen to something specific in a room full of noise

Question 8

selective attention traits

Answer 8

-pop out effect
-cocktail party effect
-search

Question 9

divided attention

Answer 9

-the stroop effect
(selective attention and car accidents- cell phone while driving)

Question 10

the color and x’s - reading them activity… what did that demonstrate?

Answer 10

the stroop effect

Question 11

selective inattention examples

Answer 11

inattentional blindness
change blindness

Question 12

inattentional blindness:

Answer 12

failing to see visible objects when our attention is elsewhere

Question 13

change blindness:

Answer 13

failing to notice changes in the environment

Question 14

sleep

Answer 14

a readily reversible unconscious condition

Question 15

circadian rhythms

Question 16

suprachaismatic nucleus

Answer 16

small section of cells where light comes in through eyes and hits. melatonin decreases via light stimulation

Question 17

larks

Answer 17

morning people

Question 18

owls

Answer 18

night people

Question 19

nonREM sleep

Answer 19

stage 1 (NREM-1)
-transition from awake to sleep
-hypnogenic sleep (hallucinations of floating or falling)
stage 2 (NREM-2)
-sleep spindles
Stage 3 (NREM-3)
-transition from light to deep sleep
Stage 4 (NREM-3)
-delta waves, deep sleep, sleepwalk/talk
REM Sleep

Question 20

what stage does sleep walking and talking happen in?

Answer 20

Stage 4 (NREM-3)

Question 21

what stage can hallucinations of falling happen in?

Answer 21

Stage 1 (NREM-1)

Question 22

what is REM sleeo

Answer 22

rapid eye movement
-story like dreams

Question 23

what are the functions of sleep?

Answer 23

-protection (protects our health)
-recuperation (repair of brain tissue)
-restoration (strengthens and consolidates memories)
-production (allows you to be more creative)
-growth (allows pituitary glands to secrete growth hormones; increases energy)

Question 24

what happens if you are sleep deprived?

Answer 24

-rem rebound
-cognitive, emotional, & physical effects
(memory decreases, weight gain, lack of coordination, decreased though processes, poor performance across a range of aspects, decreases immune response)

Question 25

why is it that reaction time slows and accidents increase 6% immediately after ‘spring forward’ daylight savings time?

Answer 25

since people are not getting enough sleep the night of daylight savings

Question 26

night terrors vs nightmares

Answer 26

-both sleep problems
-night terrors: stage 4 disruption, typically affects children, wont remember next day (big delta waves)
nightmares: happens in REM (stage 5), happens in any age, (alpha beta waves)

Question 27

rem sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

Answer 27

-lack of sleep paralysis (you are supposed to be a little paralyzied during sleep)
-people can get up and act out their dreams

Question 28

narcolepsy

Answer 28

-cataplexy (muscles won’t move)
-sleepiness
-sleep paralysis

Question 29

sleep apnea

Answer 29

obstructive- something blocking airway
central: something in brain thats blocking breathing signals in sleep

Question 30

insomnia

Answer 30

-hard time falling asleep
-waking up at 2 or 3 in the morning

early- hard time falling asleep
middle-wake up in middle of night but goes back to sleep
late- wake up really early and can’t go back to sleep

Question 31

why do we dream?

Answer 31

to satisfy out own wishes
to file away memories & sort out a day’s events
to preserve & develop pathways
to make sense of a neural state of activation

Question 32

substance dependence

Answer 32

tolerance
addiction & withdraw

Question 33

depressant

Answer 33

alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines (xanax, valium)
narcotic analgesics (opiates: morphine and heroin)

slow functions down

Question 34

stimulants

Answer 34

nicotine
cocaine, amphetamines (including meth) ecstasy

speed up or excite activity in the central nervous system

Question 35

hallucinogens

Answer 35

LSD

makes you hallucinate/imagine

Question 36

cannabis

Answer 36

marijuana

depresses, stimulates, and give hallucinations

Question 37

depressants: alcohol- percents

Answer 37

-84.6% of american adults drink alcohol at some point in their life
-5.6% have alcohol disorfer

Question 38

depressants: alcohol- biological effects

Answer 38

-depressant
-slower neural processing
-disinhibition
-GABA

Question 39

depressants: alcohol- psychological effects

Answer 39

-memory disruption
-reduced self awareness and self control
-expectancy effects

Question 40

barbiturates & opiates

Answer 40

barbiturates tranquilizers
-reduce anxiety &/or induce sleep
-impair memory
-combines with alcohol is lethal

opiates
-depress neural activity
-lessen pain & anxiety

Question 41

cocaine

Answer 41

increases activity of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin
—-gives a rush
-then depletes these NTs
—–crash
-increases aggression
-cardiac issues

Question 42

stimulants

Answer 42

amphetamines/methamphetamines
-triggers sympatheric nervous system response
-increases dopamine initially
-long-term damages levels

caffeine
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