consciousness Flashcards
consciousness
our awareness of our own existence, sensation, and cognitions
two states
normal consciousness, altered consciousness
dual processing
info is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious tracks
(ex. blindsight)
parallel processing
brain processes multiple functions simulatneosuly
selective attention
attend to a select portion of the environment
pop out effect
occurs if something is unique, or just kind of stands out
search effect
ex. going into cafeteria and trying to find your friends
search for something in a bunch of visual factors/stimulators
trying to listen to something specific in a room full of noise
selective attention traits
-pop out effect
-cocktail party effect
-search
divided attention
-the stroop effect
(selective attention and car accidents- cell phone while driving)
the color and x’s - reading them activity… what did that demonstrate?
the stroop effect
selective inattention examples
inattentional blindness
change blindness
inattentional blindness:
failing to see visible objects when our attention is elsewhere
change blindness:
failing to notice changes in the environment
sleep
a readily reversible unconscious condition
circadian rhythms
suprachaismatic nucleus
small section of cells where light comes in through eyes and hits. melatonin decreases via light stimulation
larks
morning people
owls
night people
nonREM sleep
stage 1 (NREM-1)
-transition from awake to sleep
-hypnogenic sleep (hallucinations of floating or falling)
stage 2 (NREM-2)
-sleep spindles
Stage 3 (NREM-3)
-transition from light to deep sleep
Stage 4 (NREM-3)
-delta waves, deep sleep, sleepwalk/talk
REM Sleep
what stage does sleep walking and talking happen in?
Stage 4 (NREM-3)
what stage can hallucinations of falling happen in?
Stage 1 (NREM-1)
what is REM sleeo
rapid eye movement
-story like dreams
what are the functions of sleep?
-protection (protects our health)
-recuperation (repair of brain tissue)
-restoration (strengthens and consolidates memories)
-production (allows you to be more creative)
-growth (allows pituitary glands to secrete growth hormones; increases energy)
what happens if you are sleep deprived?
-rem rebound
-cognitive, emotional, & physical effects
(memory decreases, weight gain, lack of coordination, decreased though processes, poor performance across a range of aspects, decreases immune response)
why is it that reaction time slows and accidents increase 6% immediately after ‘spring forward’ daylight savings time?
since people are not getting enough sleep the night of daylight savings
night terrors vs nightmares
-both sleep problems
-night terrors: stage 4 disruption, typically affects children, wont remember next day (big delta waves)
nightmares: happens in REM (stage 5), happens in any age, (alpha beta waves)
rem sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
-lack of sleep paralysis (you are supposed to be a little paralyzied during sleep)
-people can get up and act out their dreams
narcolepsy
-cataplexy (muscles won’t move)
-sleepiness
-sleep paralysis
sleep apnea
obstructive- something blocking airway
central: something in brain thats blocking breathing signals in sleep
insomnia
-hard time falling asleep
-waking up at 2 or 3 in the morning
early- hard time falling asleep
middle-wake up in middle of night but goes back to sleep
late- wake up really early and can’t go back to sleep
why do we dream?
to satisfy out own wishes
to file away memories & sort out a day’s events
to preserve & develop pathways
to make sense of a neural state of activation
substance dependence
tolerance
addiction & withdraw
depressant
alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines (xanax, valium)
narcotic analgesics (opiates: morphine and heroin)
slow functions down
stimulants
nicotine
cocaine, amphetamines (including meth) ecstasy
speed up or excite activity in the central nervous system
hallucinogens
LSD
makes you hallucinate/imagine
cannabis
marijuana
depresses, stimulates, and give hallucinations
depressants: alcohol- percents
-84.6% of american adults drink alcohol at some point in their life
-5.6% have alcohol disorfer
depressants: alcohol- biological effects
-depressant
-slower neural processing
-disinhibition
-GABA
depressants: alcohol- psychological effects
-memory disruption
-reduced self awareness and self control
-expectancy effects
barbiturates & opiates
barbiturates tranquilizers
-reduce anxiety &/or induce sleep
-impair memory
-combines with alcohol is lethal
opiates
-depress neural activity
-lessen pain & anxiety
cocaine
increases activity of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin
—-gives a rush
-then depletes these NTs
—–crash
-increases aggression
-cardiac issues
stimulants
amphetamines/methamphetamines
-triggers sympatheric nervous system response
-increases dopamine initially
-long-term damages levels
caffeine
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