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general psychology > biology of mind and behavior > Flashcards

biology of mind and behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

brain plasticity

A

the brain’s ability to change

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2
Q

neurogenesis

A

the formation of new neurons

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3
Q

what are the jobs of the neuron

A
  1. receives information from senses
  2. process the information
  3. sends the information to other neurons, muscles, or organs
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4
Q

what is a neuron

A

the basic unit of the nercous system

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5
Q

how many neurons does the brain have?

A

one hundred billion neurons

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6
Q

types of nerons

A

-sensory
-interneuron
-motor neuron

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7
Q

sensory neurons

A

receives input from senses

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8
Q

motor neurons

A

direct output from brain

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9
Q

interneuron

A

the “in-between message carrier”

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10
Q

are there more glial cells or neurons?

A

glial cells

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11
Q

what are glial cells

A

they fill the gap between neurons (glia = glue)
-the nutrition & maintenance of nerve cells
-some are involved in the brain’s immune response
-10 times more glial cells than neurons

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12
Q

what do dendrites do?

A

receive signals from other cells

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13
Q

nucleus

A

controls the entire neuron

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14
Q

cell body

A

organizes and keeps the cell function

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15
Q

cell membrane

A

protects the cell

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16
Q

axon

A

transfers signals to other cells and organs

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17
Q

meylin sheath

A

increases the speed of the signal

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18
Q

axon hillock

A

generates impulse in the neuron

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19
Q

schwann cells

A

produces the myelin sheath

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20
Q

what is the resting potential of neural impulses

A

-70 mV

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21
Q

action potential for neural impulses

A

firing about 40 mV
all or none law about 55 mV (once it hits 55, it shoots way up)

22
Q

myelin

A

acts as an insulator
allows signal to travel more efficiently

23
Q

what is multiple scerlosis?

A

a deteriorated myelin

24
Q

what are the types neurotransmitters

A

-acetycholine
-dopamine
-norepinephrine
-serotonin
-GABA
-glutamine
-endorphine

25
Q

acetylcholine (ACh)

A

-learning muscle memory
-muscle movement
-problems: alzheimer’s disease

26
Q

dopamine (DA)

A

-movements, learning, attention, emotion
-problems: schizophrenia (too much) Parkinson’s (too little)

27
Q

norepinephrine (NE)

A

-alertness and arousal
-Problems: depression, bipolar disorder

28
Q

serotonin (5-HT)

A

-mood, hunger, sleep, arousal
-problems: depression, bipolar disorder

29
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory action- CALMS (calms firing of cells)
-problems: generalized anxiety disorder, insomnia, seizures, tremors (when gaba is abnormal)

30
Q

Glutamate (Glu)

A

-excitatory action (increases firing of cells) memory
-problems: schizophrenia, migraines, seizures

31
Q

endoprhins

A

-pain & pleasure
-problems: too much can alter body’s production of natural endorphins

32
Q

how do neurotransmitters travel?

A

they cross the snyapse

33
Q

excitatory vs inhibitory

A

excitatory: neuron more likely to fire
inhibitory: neuron less likely to fire

34
Q

agonist vs antagonist

A

agonist: any molecule that increases the effect of the neurotransmitter
antagonist: any molecule that blocks or decreases the effect of a neurotransmitter

35
Q

ex of agonist

A

codine and morphine are both opiods which kill pain, endorphins also kill pain, so its and agonist. if it acts like a transmitter, it is an agonist

36
Q

agonist ______ a neurotransmitter’s normal effects and an antagonist ______ them.

A

amplifies
reduces

37
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

-part of the peripheral nervous system
-sympathetic: fight or flight
-parasympathetic: rest and digest

38
Q

the neuroendocrine system

A

-“slow” chemical communication system
-messenger: hormones secreted in bloodstream
-pituitary gland: master gland
-adrenal glands: involved in “fight or flight”
-slower than central nervous system
-longer lasting effects than CNS

39
Q

electroencephalogram

A

-reads electrical activity of cells
-(EEG)

40
Q

magnetoencephalogram (MEG)

A
  • maps activity by recording magnetic fields from electricity in the brain
41
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

visualizes brain function

42
Q

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A

visualizes brain function

43
Q

medulla

A

heartbeat and breathing

44
Q

pons

A

sleep control & movement coordination

45
Q

thalamous

A

receives sensory information relays to higher brain regions

46
Q

cerebellum

A

coordination of movement and balance, involved in nonverbal learning and memory

47
Q

lymbic system

A

associated with memory and drives

48
Q

hippocampus

A

memory formation of facts, events, and spatial awareness

49
Q

amygdala

A

linked to emotions, especially aggression and fear

50
Q

hypothalamus

A

-maintenance and motivation
-homeostasis
-thirst & hunger
-linked to reward & pleasure via nucleus accumbens (in humans more likely to produce desire)

51
Q

cerebral cortex

A

largest division in the brain. it si divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes

general psychology (18 decks)

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