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chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation

A

the awareness of properties of an object or event when a sensory receptor is stimulated

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2
Q

perception

A

the act of organizing & interpretting sensory input as a signaling particular object or event

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3
Q

psycho physics

A

-studies relationship between physical stimuli & the sensation & perception that those stimuli effect

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4
Q

thresholds

A

-absolute threshold: the strength or amount of a stimulus for you to detect if it is there (50% of time

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5
Q

the weakest amount of stimulus that a person can detect 50% of the time

A

threshold

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6
Q

aspects of vision

A

wavelength, frequency, amplitude

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7
Q

what is the structure of the eye?

A

pupil, iris, cornea, retina, fovea, optic nerve

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8
Q

aspects of the rods of an eye

A

100-200 million (out in peripherie)
super sensitive to light
only register shades of gray

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9
Q

aspects of cones of an eye

A

5-6 million (in the center)
sensitive to particular wavelengths
allow color to vision

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10
Q

difference threshold

A

the just noticeable difference.
the color video we did in class- how you had to find the color that was slightly different

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11
Q

absolute threshold

A

knowing something is there (a stimuli)

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12
Q

what is the just noticeable (JND) difference tested by?

A

Weber’s law

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13
Q

weber’s law

A

must differ by constant minimum % NOT amount (ex: weight must change by 2% before we can tell a difference)

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14
Q

what is the vision stimulus?

A

the photon

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15
Q

wavelengths

A

red are longer waves, blue are shorter waves with more frequency

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16
Q

light goes into the eye through what?

A

the pupil

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17
Q

short wavelengths or high frequency

A

blue and violets. high-pitched sounds

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18
Q

long low frequency

A

reds. low-pitched sounds

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19
Q

high amplitude

A

bright colors. louder

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20
Q

low amplitude, low frequency

A

dull colors. soft sounds

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21
Q

what is the colored muscle in the eye and aids to let light in?

A

iris- contracts or relaxes

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22
Q

what is the clear curvature of the eye, helps the light change its angle/refraction, and protects the eye

A

cornea

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23
Q

what is thicker that the cornea that gets fatter or flatter and helps with depth perception?

A

lens
when fatter - light bends sharply
when flatter - light is less sharp

24
Q

where does the information leave the eye at?

A

the optic nerve

25
Q

what are the photo receptors of an eye?

A

the rods & cones

26
Q

young-helmholtz trichomatric threory

A

theory that we see three colors: red, green, blue

27
Q

opponent process theory (hering)

A

has to do with the layout on the retina of the cones
-red/green; blue/yellow; black/white

(american flag opposing color experiment on slide)

28
Q

color blindness

A

red/green deficiency (typical)
blue not as typical
-inherited through X chromosome, so usually men have it since they only have one X chromosome
-dichromatic- cones dont fire well

29
Q

do dogs see color?

A

yes, just a lot less color than us (humans)

30
Q

what is accomodation?

A

when the lens changes shape (fatter vs flatter)

31
Q

transduction

A

-a cell that translates the world language into the brains language

-photons make light receptors into neuron signals/chemicals

32
Q

what is myopia?

A

nearsighted

33
Q

what is hypermetropia?

A

farsighted

34
Q

what is astigmatism?

A

shape of cornea is abnormal, so it projects two images that are slightly blurry

35
Q

aspects of hearing

A

-wavelength, amplitude, loudness, pitch, hertz, decibels (what it is measured in)

36
Q

outer ear

A

pinna- collects and directs sound waves into the ear canal
eardrum- amplifies sound by pushing bones and pushes bones on the fluid filled area which creates waves, then little hairsopen and close fluid cells

37
Q

basilar membrane

A

-place theory: where does the sound end
-high frequency waves: dissipates near narrow & stiff base
-low frequency waves: propagate all the way to the apex

38
Q

auditory cortex

A

-Primary auditory cortex
* Tonotopic organization within primary auditory cortex

39
Q

more on auditory cortex

A

-process complex relevant sounds (animal noises, footsteps, complex pattern of sound)
-fine-tuned experience (language and music)

40
Q

what is amnusia

A

not being able to match a pitch

41
Q

kinds of deafness

A
  1. central
  2. conduction
  3. sensorinueral
42
Q

central defness

A

-auditory areas of brain fail to process incoming info
-often due to stroke, tumor or TBI

43
Q

conduction deafness

A

-not common
-often due to fusing of ossicles
-Sound vibrations cannot be turned into fluid displacement

44
Q

sensorineural deafness

A

-Hair cells fail to respond to fluid displacement
-Often due to permanent damage to hair cells

45
Q

vestibular system

A
  • sense of balance
46
Q

motion sickness

A

-sensory conflict theory: contradictory sensory messages
-Discrepancy between vestibular and visual info

47
Q

perceptual organization

A

How the brain perceives a whole and in
depth picture of our world

48
Q

gestalt psychologist

A

study how the mind
organizes sensations into perceptions

49
Q

ambiguous figures

A

-the Jesus signs she showed

a picture that can be interpreted in multiple ways, or that appears to oscillate between two different interpretations

50
Q

gestalt laws

A

grouping principles

51
Q

illusory contour

A

a perceived edge that appears between aligned luminance edges, but is not physically present in an image

52
Q

depth perception cues

A

Binocular cues
Monocular cues

53
Q

binocular cues

A

retinal disparity
-different angles coming into each eye, brain connects them, and it makes it one image
convergence
-(brining finger close to eye)
-calculating angle

54
Q

monocular cues

A

relative motion
-motion parrallax
-things that are closer go oppostite, further away things go in same direction (when driving)
-relative height
-relative size
-interposition
-light & shadow
-linear perpective
-depth cues (visual illusion)

55
Q

know up through slide 75

A

general psychology (21 decks)

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