chapter 11 part 2 Flashcards
who created the humanistic theory
maslow & rogers
slef actualization
reaching the full potential that you can reach
what do humnaistis believe?
people try to improve
-desire to become self-actualized
maslow’s hierarchy of needs
-physiological - most basic
-safety
-love
-esteem
-self-actualization - highest uphjhnnnnmmnnmnmnnnmmmmmmmjmmjmj,
humanistic theories- carl rogers
self-concept (central feature)
–ideal self, self image, etc
rogers person-centered perspective
-genuineness: being honest, direct, not using a facade
-acceptance: unconditional positive regard: acknowledging feelings without passing judgement
-empathy: tuning into your feelings of others, showing your effort to understand, listening well
evaluating humanistic theories: positives
influenced many areas
-counseling
-child raising
-education
laid groundwork for today’s field of positive psychology
evaluating humanistic theories: criticism
concepts vague & subjective
too much emphasis on individualism
-can lead to self-indulgence, selfishness, & erosion of moral restraint
traits
traits
-pattern of behavior/disposition to feel & act in certain ways
-trains desctive, but dont really explain personality
factor analysis
a statistical procedue that identified factors (clusters of items)
trait theories
-different numbers of factors
-nearly all have extraversion & neuroticism
-useful for conceptualizing personality
-not very effective in predicting behavior
eysenck’s personality theory
-intoversion to extroversion
-stability to neuroticism
-self control to psychoticism
based on biological factors: temperament
what does ocean stand for
openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticisim
maturity principle
up to 40 years, become more conscientious & agreeable & less neurotic
is higher conscienctiouness correlate with larger or smaller frontal lobe
larger
does higher neuroticisim relate to stress sensitivity?
yes
do OCEAN trats reflect birth order
no
do OCEAN traits cross to various cultures
to some extent
does OCEAN predict actual behaviors?
yes
conscientious & agreeableness predict work place success
how heritable are OCEAN traits? (%)
40%
heritability of OCEAN
the study of Minnesota twins
-identical & fraternal twins
-raised together or apart
-significant effect of heritability on traits
what does alberts banduras social
reciprocal determinism
what i choose may affect how others treat me
how they treat me may change my behavior
come back to these cards!
reciprocal determinism factors
-internal cognitive factor
-environmental factors
-behavior
