chapter 11 part 1

Question 1

what is personality

Answer 1

characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, & acting

Question 2

a set of characteristics

Answer 2

consistent across time
consistent across situations
distinguishes individuals from each other

Question 3

overview of theories & explanations

Answer 3

1. psychoanalytic (freud)
2. humanistic (rogers & maslow)
3. trait theory (eysenck, the big 5)
4. social-cognitive (bandura)

Question 4

freud on consciousness

Answer 4

conscious mind: normal awareness
preconscious mind: easily brought to consciousness
unconscious mind: hidden thoughts & desires

Question 5

what is the part of the mind that we cannot access according the freud?

Answer 5

the unconscious mind

Question 6

freud’s structural model

Answer 6

the id “i want to do that now!”
-seen at birth
-home to sexual & aggressive drive
-governed by pleasure principle
-what we want

superego “its not right, dont do it!”
-develops in childhood
-home to morality & conscience
-governed by the ego ideal
-guilt

the ego “maybe we can make a compromise”
-develops in childhood (before superego)
-acts as a referee between id & superego
-reality

Question 7

what of freud’s structural model develops first?

Answer 7

id
then ego
then superego

Question 8

which one of freud’s theory of structural model is governed by guilt?

Answer 8

superego

Question 9

freud: personality development

Answer 9

-we must pass through psychosexual stages successfully (each stage focuses on how we receive pleasue)

Question 10

what does failure to pass each stage of personality development lead to?

Answer 10

fixation
-in times of stress, we regress to that stage

Question 11

what are unconscious attempts to silence the id called?

Answer 11

defense mechanisms

Question 12

types of defense mechanisms (freud)

Answer 12

repression
denial
displacement
projection
rationalization
reaction formation
sublimation

Question 13

what are defense mechanisms

Answer 13

reduce/redirect anxiety by distorting reality

Question 14

repression

Answer 14

pushing events down so deep that you don’t even remember it anymore

Question 15

what type of defense mechanism does this portray, “elsie, who was abused as a child, cannot remember the abuse at all”

Answer 15

repression

Question 16

denial

Answer 16

refusing to believe something unpleasant has occurred
-we refuse to accept horrible news, even with evidence to the contrary

Question 17

what type of defense mechanism is this:
an alcoholic refuses to acknowledge that he is addicted to alcohol

Answer 17

denial

Question 18

rationalization (justification)

Answer 18

justifying your bad behavior
-creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior

Question 19

what type of defense mechanism is this: a student stealing money from a wealthy friend of his, telling himself : well he is rich, he can afford to lose it.”

Answer 19

rationalization

Question 20

displacement

Answer 20

you take out your anger & frustration on a person or object not the actual target of your anger

Question 21

what type of defense mechanism is this:
boss shouts at jane, when she gets home, she gets angry at her husband

Answer 21

displacement

Question 22

projection

Answer 22

an angry man might accuse others of being hostile
a con-artist might be under the impression that everyone else is trying to con him or her

Question 23

reaction formation

Answer 23

act opposite of what you think or feel

Question 24

what type of defense mechanism is this: woman who never wants to have children becomes a supermom

person who despises the boss tellls everyone what a great boss he is

Answer 24

reaction formation

Question 25

subimation

Answer 25

negative thoughts and impulses being channeled into socially acceptable behavior

Question 26

regression

Answer 26

return under stress, to behavior indicate of earlier development stage

Question 27

what type of defense mechanism is this:
due to pressure of college, tom starts sucking his thumb

Answer 27

regression

Question 28

projection test

Answer 28

includes rorschach & thematic apperception test (tat)
-there are concerns about vailidity & reliability

Question 29

the people who had a different view that freud

Answer 29

alfred adler & karen horney

Question 30

what are the views that adler & horney had

Answer 30

childhood important
-not sexual, but social
-adler: inferiority complex, much of behavior is driven by desire to overcome inferiority experienced in childhood
honey: childhood anxiety triggers desire for love & security

Question 31

what are the psychosexual stages

Answer 31

oral- mouth (0-18)
anal (18-36)
phallic - genitals (3-6)
latency- dormant sexual feelings (6-puberty)
genital- mature sexual interests (puberty- on)