🧠 psychology - holzel and whoever else Flashcards
From where were participants sampled?
From four MBSR courses in the center for mindfulness in the University of Massachusetts
Who were the people enrolled in the MBSR courses?
Physician and self-referred individuals from across New England
What were the inclusion criteria for being in the study?
- Self-reported as physically and psychologically healthy and not on medication
- No medication classes in the last 6 months
- No more than 4 classes in the last 5 years
- No more than 10 classes in lifetime
- No contra-indications for MRI scanning
What was the study’s age requirement?
22-55 years
How many classes did participants have to commit to to participate?
8 classes
How many people were initially enrolled in the study and what was the gender split?
18 people
8 male, 10 female
What was the mean participant age?
non control
37.89 years
Why was the remaining sample reduced?
non control
Two males had discomfort after the first MRI scanning session so they didn’t return
Describe the study’s race distribution
non control
- 13 Caucasians
- 1 Asian
- 1 African-American
- 1 Multi-ethnic
What was the average years of education in the study?
non control
17.7 years
How many people were in the control sample and what was the gender split?
17
11 males 6 female
What was the mean age of participants in the control group?
39.0
What was the average years of education for the control group?
17.3 years
What was the racial distribution in the control group?
- 13 caucasians
- 2 asian
- 2 african american
- 1 hispanic
What was the reimbursement for participation?
A discounted MBSR course fee
Describe how the study was ethically approved
Approved by IRBs of Massachusetts General Hospital and the Umass medical school with written informed consent from all participants
Describe the MBSR technique
Training to develop mindfulness, including a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation
- 8 meetings
- 2.5hrs each
- Plush a 6.5hr day in the sixth week
Describe the “homework”
45 minute guided meditations sent to be done at home and advice to practice mindfulness in everyday acts
How many items are on the FFMQ scale?
39
What are the 5 factors of mindfulness in the FFMQ scale?
- Observing
- Describing
- Acting with Awareness
- Nonjudging inner experience
- Nonreactivity to inner experience
What scale does the FFMQ use?
5 point lickert scale, 1 being never/rarely and 5 being very / always
How much usable data did the FFMQ gather?
14 MBSR and 14 Control
Where were scans done?
At the Martines Centre for Biomedical imaging, Charlestown, MA
What was the average days between scans for the MBSR group and the control group?
MBSR: 56.25 days
Control: 65.67 days
What were the regions of interest?
Bilateral Hippocampi and Bilateral Insulae
What was the average hours of mindfulness homework?
22.6 hrs
Compare the ANOVA group x time values for FFMQ factors
Acting with awareness: 16.87
Observing: 7.09
Non judging: 4.61
What was the ANOVA value for group-by-time interaction forincrease in gray matter in regions of interest?
4.92
In the whole brain analysis, what clusters were found to have a significantly greater grey matter concentration after compared to before?
- Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC)
- Left Temporo-Parietal Junction
- Cerebellum - centered in the vermis
- Cerebellum - located centrally
What was the grey matter group x time ANOVA for the PCC?
50.124
What was the grey matter group x time ANOVA for the Vermis?
11.292
What was the grey matter group x time ANOVA for the TPJ?
11.456
What was the grey matter group x time ANOVA for the Lateral cerebellum?
9.806
