🧠 psychology - holzel and whoever else Flashcards

1
Q

From where were participants sampled?

A

From four MBSR courses in the center for mindfulness in the University of Massachusetts

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2
Q

Who were the people enrolled in the MBSR courses?

A

Physician and self-referred individuals from across New England

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3
Q

What were the inclusion criteria for being in the study?

A
  • Self-reported as physically and psychologically healthy and not on medication
  • No medication classes in the last 6 months
  • No more than 4 classes in the last 5 years
  • No more than 10 classes in lifetime
  • No contra-indications for MRI scanning
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4
Q

What was the study’s age requirement?

A

22-55 years

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5
Q

How many classes did participants have to commit to to participate?

A

8 classes

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6
Q

How many people were initially enrolled in the study and what was the gender split?

A

18 people

8 male, 10 female

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7
Q

What was the mean participant age?

non control

A

37.89 years

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8
Q

Why was the remaining sample reduced?

non control

A

Two males had discomfort after the first MRI scanning session so they didn’t return

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9
Q

Describe the study’s race distribution

non control

A
  • 13 Caucasians
  • 1 Asian
  • 1 African-American
  • 1 Multi-ethnic
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10
Q

What was the average years of education in the study?

non control

A

17.7 years

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11
Q

How many people were in the control sample and what was the gender split?

A

17

11 males 6 female

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12
Q

What was the mean age of participants in the control group?

A

39.0

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13
Q

What was the average years of education for the control group?

A

17.3 years

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14
Q

What was the racial distribution in the control group?

A
  • 13 caucasians
  • 2 asian
  • 2 african american
  • 1 hispanic
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15
Q

What was the reimbursement for participation?

A

A discounted MBSR course fee

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16
Q

Describe how the study was ethically approved

A

Approved by IRBs of Massachusetts General Hospital and the Umass medical school with written informed consent from all participants

17
Q

Describe the MBSR technique

A

Training to develop mindfulness, including a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation
- 8 meetings
- 2.5hrs each
- Plush a 6.5hr day in the sixth week

18
Q

Describe the “homework”

A

45 minute guided meditations sent to be done at home and advice to practice mindfulness in everyday acts

19
Q

How many items are on the FFMQ scale?

A

39

20
Q

What are the 5 factors of mindfulness in the FFMQ scale?

A
  1. Observing
  2. Describing
  3. Acting with Awareness
  4. Nonjudging inner experience
  5. Nonreactivity to inner experience
21
Q

What scale does the FFMQ use?

A

5 point lickert scale, 1 being never/rarely and 5 being very / always

22
Q

How much usable data did the FFMQ gather?

A

14 MBSR and 14 Control

23
Q

Where were scans done?

A

At the Martines Centre for Biomedical imaging, Charlestown, MA

24
Q

What was the average days between scans for the MBSR group and the control group?

A

MBSR: 56.25 days
Control: 65.67 days

25
Q

What were the regions of interest?

A

Bilateral Hippocampi and Bilateral Insulae

26
Q

What was the average hours of mindfulness homework?

A

22.6 hrs

27
Q

Compare the ANOVA group x time values for FFMQ factors

A

Acting with awareness: 16.87
Observing: 7.09
Non judging: 4.61

28
Q

What was the ANOVA value for group-by-time interaction forincrease in gray matter in regions of interest?

A

4.92

29
Q

In the whole brain analysis, what clusters were found to have a significantly greater grey matter concentration after compared to before?

A
  1. Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC)
  2. Left Temporo-Parietal Junction
  3. Cerebellum - centered in the vermis
  4. Cerebellum - located centrally
30
Q

What was the grey matter group x time ANOVA for the PCC?

A

50.124

31
Q

What was the grey matter group x time ANOVA for the Vermis?

A

11.292

32
Q

What was the grey matter group x time ANOVA for the TPJ?

A

11.456

33
Q

What was the grey matter group x time ANOVA for the Lateral cerebellum?

A

9.806