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Alexis Small > Psychology 111- Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Psychology 111- Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

associative learning

A

associate different components together to learn the info

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2
Q

Neutral Stimulus

A
  • classical conditioning
    = no natural response (ex. ringing bell)
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3
Q

Unconditioned stimuli

A
  • classical conditioning
    = natural response (reflexive)-> start to pair them together
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4
Q

Conditioned Stimuli

A
  • classical conditioning
    = a previously neutral stimulus that got paired with US
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5
Q

Unconditioned Response

A
  • classical conditioning
    = natural reflexive response the US elicits
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6
Q

conditioned response

A

-classical conditioning
= learned response, response elicited by CS

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7
Q

acquisition

A

time period that learning is happening (when NS and US are paired)

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8
Q

extinction

A

when organism stops responding to CS

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9
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

after extinction, when organism suddenly starts responding to CS again without new pairing

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10
Q

generalization

A

when organism is confusing NS with CS (show CR to new stimulus)

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11
Q

discrimination

A

when organism can tell difference between NS and CS (can tell difference between stimulus)

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12
Q

Little Albert

A
  • conditioned to fear white rats
  • US= loud noise, CS= white rat, UR= crying at loud noise, CR= fear of white rat
  • him showing fear of things similar to white rat= generalization
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13
Q

taste aversion

A

happens after you’ve been sick after eating a food and after, the food makes you nauseous/feel sick
- CS= food that made you sick, CR= nausea, US= sickness
- only need one pairing to pick this up

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14
Q

higher order conditioning

A

using CS as a US for a NS

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15
Q

latent inhibition

A

when individual takes longer to learn an association because they are familiar with stimulus in different context

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16
Q

renewal effect

A

when unlearned behaviors how up again in new environment

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17
Q

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

A

an organism repeats behavior that leads to positive consequences

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18
Q

reinforcement

A

leads to increase in behavior because of positive consequences

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19
Q

punishment

A

decreasing presence of behavior

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20
Q

positive

A

adding something to the situation

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21
Q

negative

A

taking something away from the situation

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22
Q

schedules of reinforcement

A

how often/when a reward/punishment is given

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23
Q

ratio

A
  • more reliable outcomes (can learn faster)
  • giving organism reward/punishment based on number of responses
24
Q

interval

A

how much time has to pass between reward/punishment

25
Q

fixed amount

A

number of responses is not changing

26
Q

variable amount

A

amount of responses/time passed changes

27
Q

Premack principle

A

a more pleasurable behavior can be used to reinforce a less pleasurable behavior

28
Q

partial reinforcement

A

reward behavior in some contexts but not others

29
Q

primary reinforcer

A

fulfill a biologic need

30
Q

secondary reinforcer

A

something that you have to learn is good/learn that you want

31
Q

shaping

A

reward behavior as it gets closer to your goal behavior

32
Q

token economics

A

common with young children-> offering tokens for good behavior that they can turn in for a larger reward

33
Q

acquisition

A

time period that the organism is learning that if they do a behavior they get reward/consequence

34
Q

extinction (OC)

A

no longer getting reinforcement/punishment so they revert to original behavior

35
Q

spontaneous recovery (OC)

A

learning reemerges through no additional aquisition

36
Q

generalization (OC)

A

same behaviors to stimuli

37
Q

discrimination

A

can distinguish between stimuli

38
Q

Behavior bas (CC vs OC)

A

CC: behavior is automatic and reflexive initially
OC: behavior is more conscious and deliberate

39
Q

Consequence (CC vs. OC)

A

CC: any consequence is built into automatic reflexive behavior
OC: behavior is more conscious and deliberate

40
Q

Culture (CC vs OC)

A

CC: doesn’t affect
OC: matters a lot

41
Q

deconditioning

A

when you unlearn a learned behavior

42
Q

evaluative conditioning

A

rather than changing behavior, you change their attitude to make stimuli more positive (pair something they like with something they don’t like)

43
Q

generalization gradient

A

more similar stimuli are, the more likely you are to see generalization

44
Q

SOR

A
  • stimulus organism response
  • the organism’s perception of the stimulus is going to drive their response
45
Q

Non associative learning

A

learning that happens without association (ex. habituation and sensitization)

46
Q

observational learning

A

learning that happens through observation (es. modelling and imitation)

47
Q

habituation

A
  • Non associative learning
  • learn to stop responding
48
Q

sensitization

A
  • non associative learning
  • learn to have increased responding
49
Q

modelling

A
  • observational learning
  • where organism specifically exhibits a behavior for another to llearn
50
Q

imitation

A
  • observational learning
  • no intent from teacher, learner observes and copies natural behaviors of teacher
51
Q

restriction of behavior

A
  • observational learning
  • use observational learning to not engage in a behavior
52
Q

diffusion chains

A
  • observational learning
  • learning that happens across generations
  • expert teaches a novice who becomes an expert that teaches a novice… etc.
53
Q

implicit learning

A
  • observational learning
  • learning without intent from teacher or learner, subconscious
  • language and culture
54
Q

attention

A
  • requirement of learning
  • have to be paying attention to the behavior to learn the behavior
55
Q

retention

A
  • requirement of learning
  • remember that info
56
Q

reproduction

A
  • requirement of learning
  • show the behavior that you have learned
57
Q

motivation

A
  • requirement of learning
  • without the teacher, you have to have the motivation to reproduce the behaviors

Alexis Small (19 decks)

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