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Alexis Small > Psychology 111- Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Psychology 111- Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Comorbidity

A

someone is experiencing 2 psychological disorders at the same time

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2
Q

lifetime prevalence rate

A

proportion of population that will develop a psychological behavior at some point in their life

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3
Q

prevalence rate

A

what proportion of a population has a psychological behavior at a given time

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4
Q

etiology

A

apparent cause in developmental history of a disorder within a person (can have different treatments based on when something occurred)

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5
Q

epidemiology

A

study of the distribution of a disorder within a population (what gets prevalence reates)

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6
Q

insanity defense

A

insanity is not a psychological/medical term, it is a legal term, use psychology to find psychological state someone was in when committing a crime, then lawyer will try to make a case that they were insane rarely used and rarely successful

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7
Q

violence rates

A

people who have psychological disorder are 10 times more likely to be victim of violence than people without, people with psychological disorder account for only 3-5% of violent crime

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8
Q

deviance

A

how different this behavior is from the general public

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9
Q

maladaptive

A

how much does that behavior interfere with the person’s daily life

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10
Q

personal distress

A

how much does exhibiting that behavior cause the person exhibiting the behavior to feel distress

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11
Q

value judgements

A

these require you to place a judgement, criticism, don’t have a lot of objective tools, more difficult to make definitive diagnosis

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12
Q

symptoms

A

what psychologist is looking for

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13
Q

DSM

A

diagnostic and statistical manual; “dictionary” of psychological disorders

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14
Q

neuro-developmental disorders

A

disorders that are prevalent or need to develop in childhood

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15
Q

learning disorders

A

don’t have to be diagnosed in childhood but need to show behaviors

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16
Q

ADHD

A

has to be present before 12, issues with impulsivity and focus, boys and girls present differently and may be underdiagnosed in girls

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17
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

issue with sociality with peers and authority figures, underdiagnosing girls (better at faking social interaction than boys)

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18
Q

major depressive disorder

A

disordered sleep and eating, have to show symptoms for extended period of time, 7% of population, diagnosed more in women because they are more likely to get help

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19
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

not experiencing as deeply as major depressive disorder, when there is a long-lasting symptom but doesn’t meet requirements of major

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20
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

depression happens on a seasonal basis, usually in winter -> now part of major depressive disorder

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21
Q

age of onset (depression)

A

first depressive episode prior to 40, trend moving younger

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22
Q

recurrence

A

often people with depression will see 5 or 6 depressive episodes across their lifespan that last around 6 months to a year

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23
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to feel joy, engaging in activities they enjoyed but now don’t really feel anything

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24
Q

sleep

A

major hallmark of depression, too much/little, if they’re sleeping too much, often not restful sleep

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25
helplessness theory
if something bad happened its your fault (internal attribution) and it will always be your fault, nothing will change, everything from past and present is your fault-> hard to break cycle
26
depressive realism
people who are depressed see the world more realistically than people who are not depressed
27
depressed brains
people who have depression have less activity than the normal brain
28
bipolar disorder prevalence rate
2.8% of population
29
mania (DIGFAST)
really high, DIGFAST (distractibility, indiscretion, grandiosity, flight of ideas, activity increased, sleeplessness, talkativeness)-> need to see these symptoms over a week to be considered manic
30
depressive
really low :(
31
Bipolar I
most manic, experiencing intense/long manic episodes, also goes to sever depression-> most severe symptoms and symptoms last the longest
32
Bipolar II
doesn't have as much mania, about same depression, shorter length of symptomology
33
hypomanic
4+ days of symptoms
34
cyclothymia
shortest and least sever bipolar disorder
35
creativity
a lot of great artists/thinkers likely had bipolar
36
heritability of bipolar
if someone who shares your genes has bipolar, you have a high chance of having bipolar
37
what does anxiety involve
strong negative emotions: fear, disgust, sadness-> feel these emotions deeply, physical apprehension: quick fight/flight response
38
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
general feeling of dread, always worried something will go wrong, can have panic attacks
39
phobias
have specific anxiety reaction to a trigger, this reaction needs to be unreasonable
40
acrophobia
fear of heights
41
brontophobia
fear of storms
42
OCD (low levels of what)
- obsessive compulsive disorder - intrusive thoughts/behaviors - have little to no control over their obsessive thoughts/compulsive disorders - associated with low levels of serotonin
43
obsessions
cognitive symptom, personal distress
44
compulsions
behavioral symptoms, maladaptive behavior
45
body dysmorphic disorder
unrealistic perception of their physical flaws-- become worries with how other people are perceiving their flaws
46
PTSD (associated with what)
- post traumatic stress disorder, singular cause-> there has to be a traumatic event - associated with smaller hippocampus
47
hypervigilance
very aware of their environment, constantly in fight/flight response (symptom of PTSD)
48
disordered cognitions and selective recall
- can be for a range of different types of anxiety - misinterpreting harmless situations as harmful - focusing of perceived threats - selective recall-> more likely to recall info that confirms their anxious cognitions
49
conditioning
anxious mothers may cause observational learning that predispose children to be anxious; also, if you grow up in a home that teaches you the world is bad
50
anterior cingulate cortex
part of brain that is monitoring your behaviors and checking for errors in your behaviors-> hyperactive
51
genetic
lower heritability for anxiety disorders but is still heritable
52
anxiety (what's deficient, prevalence)
- often GABA deficient - 19% prevalence rate
53
schizophrenia (what's associated with it, prevalence rate)
"Split mind"-> not processing reality correctly - 1% prevalence rate, high heritability - too much dopamine - people who don't have housing tend to have higher prevalence rate
54
hallucinations
perceptions without sensations (audio most common)
55
delusions
have beliefs that are contrary to reality
56
catatonia
can get into strange/Un comfy positions and staying there for long time
57
acute schizophrenia
comes on quickly and fast, easier to treat, schizophrenic episodes shorter
58
chronic schizophrenia
slower developing, slow progression of hallucinations, delusions, and catatonia
59
genetics (schizophrenia)
people who have close genetics with someone with schizophrenia are more likely to have schizophrenia
60
Odd eccentric
feel different from other people, have difficulty interacting with other people
61
schizoid
- odd eccentric - very little interest in creating/maintaining any relationship, very little emotional response
62
dramatic emotional/erratic
a lot of impulsivity and attention seeking behaviors
63
borderline
dramatic emotional, hard time regulating their emotions, maintaining relationships, have inconsistent self-image, more often diagnosed in women
64
antisocial
dramatic emotional - little care for social norms, hot temper, diagnosed a lot in criminal populations, men, and police officers
65
anxious fearful
high levels of anxiety
66
obsessive- compulsive personality disorder
anxious-fearful - these people almost never recognize the irrationality og their behavior, very rigid in patterns/rituals and think they make sense
67
somatic disorders
issues with bodily awareness and anxiety
68
illness anxiety disorder
preoccupation with illness symptoms, obsessively checking for symptoms
69
somatic symptom disorder
person physically display symptoms that don't have biologic cause, some sort of psychologic cause
70
factitious disorder
you manufacture symptoms to play sick role and get the attention you receive when you are sick
71
factitious disorder imposed on another
enjoy nurse role, making somebody they have a close relationship with appear sick, usually through poisoning, often parent to child, death rate associated with this
72
dissociative disorders
marked by extreme issues with memory or identity
73
DID (dissociative identity disorder)
fracturing of psyche into different identities (aka multiple personality disorder), generally starts after a traumatic event
74
dissociative amnesia
someone is unable to recall specific details about a specific even (usually traumatic)
75
dissociative fugue
subtype of dissociative amnesia, person becomes confused about their identity or forgets who they are, often wander into a new place with no memory of how they got there or who they are, can be eliminated with treatment
76
national differences in suicide rates
some places have lower/higher suicide rates - England, Italy, Spain has half suicide rate of Canada, US, and Australia
77
racial difference in suicide rates
Caucasian or native Americans are twice as likely as black, Latino, or Asian Americans to die by suicide
78
gender differences in suicide rates
women are more likely to attempt suicide, men are 2-4 times more likely to die by suicide than women because they are more likely to use guns
79
age differences in suicide rates
45–65-year-old have highest suicide rates, second highest id 85 and up
80
other differences by group in suicide rates
rates are higher for people who are wealthier, not religious, unmarried - gay, transgender, nonbinary youths who don't have family support - people who have alcohol abuse problem
81
temporal differences in suicide rates
25% of suicide deaths happen on Wednesdays, higher in April and May than any other time of year
82
Exposure to suicide
having someone in your social circle increases your vulnerability to it, men who had coworker die by suicide were 3-5 times more likely to die by suicide compared to unexposed men
83
joint attention
the ability to make eye contact with others and to look in the same direction that someone else is looking
84
word salad
speech of someone with schizophrenia, may follow grammatical rules but be nonsensical in terms of context
85
diathesis-stress model
an explanation for the origin of psychological disorders as a combination of biological predispositions plus stress or an abusive environment
86
schizotypal personality disorder
-odd-eccentric - characterized by a desire to live an isolated and asocial life and odd thoughts/beliefs
87
paranoid personality disorder
- odd-eccentric - extreme suspicions and mistrust of others in unwarranted and maladaptive ways
88
histrionic personality disorder
-dramatic-emotional - desire to be the center of attention and by dramatic, seductive, flamboyant, and exaggerated behaviors
89
narcissistic personality disorder
- dramatic-emotional - having an extremely positive and arrogant self-image and being extraordinarily self-centered - exaggerated sense of self-important and grandiosity

Alexis Small (19 decks)

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