Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alexis Small > Psychology 111- Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Psychology 111- Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Comorbidity

A

someone is experiencing 2 psychological disorders at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lifetime prevalence rate

A

proportion of population that will develop a psychological behavior at some point in their life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

prevalence rate

A

what proportion of a population has a psychological behavior at a given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

etiology

A

apparent cause in developmental history of a disorder within a person (can have different treatments based on when something occurred)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

epidemiology

A

study of the distribution of a disorder within a population (what gets prevalence reates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

insanity defense

A

insanity is not a psychological/medical term, it is a legal term, use psychology to find psychological state someone was in when committing a crime, then lawyer will try to make a case that they were insane rarely used and rarely successful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

violence rates

A

people who have psychological disorder are 10 times more likely to be victim of violence than people without, people with psychological disorder account for only 3-5% of violent crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

deviance

A

how different this behavior is from the general public

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

maladaptive

A

how much does that behavior interfere with the person’s daily life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

personal distress

A

how much does exhibiting that behavior cause the person exhibiting the behavior to feel distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

value judgements

A

these require you to place a judgement, criticism, don’t have a lot of objective tools, more difficult to make definitive diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symptoms

A

what psychologist is looking for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DSM

A

diagnostic and statistical manual; “dictionary” of psychological disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neuro-developmental disorders

A

disorders that are prevalent or need to develop in childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

learning disorders

A

don’t have to be diagnosed in childhood but need to show behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ADHD

A

has to be present before 12, issues with impulsivity and focus, boys and girls present differently and may be underdiagnosed in girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

issue with sociality with peers and authority figures, underdiagnosing girls (better at faking social interaction than boys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

major depressive disorder

A

disordered sleep and eating, have to show symptoms for extended period of time, 7% of population, diagnosed more in women because they are more likely to get help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

not experiencing as deeply as major depressive disorder, when there is a long-lasting symptom but doesn’t meet requirements of major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

depression happens on a seasonal basis, usually in winter -> now part of major depressive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

age of onset (depression)

A

first depressive episode prior to 40, trend moving younger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

recurrence

A

often people with depression will see 5 or 6 depressive episodes across their lifespan that last around 6 months to a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to feel joy, engaging in activities they enjoyed but now don’t really feel anything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sleep

A

major hallmark of depression, too much/little, if they’re sleeping too much, often not restful sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

helplessness theory

A

if something bad happened its your fault (internal attribution) and it will always be your fault, nothing will change, everything from past and present is your fault-> hard to break cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

depressive realism

A

people who are depressed see the world more realistically than people who are not depressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

depressed brains

A

people who have depression have less activity than the normal brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

bipolar disorder prevalence rate

A

2.8% of population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

mania (DIGFAST)

A

really high, DIGFAST (distractibility, indiscretion, grandiosity, flight of ideas, activity increased, sleeplessness, talkativeness)-> need to see these symptoms over a week to be considered manic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

depressive

A

really low :(

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Bipolar I

A

most manic, experiencing intense/long manic episodes, also goes to sever depression-> most severe symptoms and symptoms last the longest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Bipolar II

A

doesn’t have as much mania, about same depression, shorter length of symptomology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

hypomanic

A

4+ days of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

cyclothymia

A

shortest and least sever bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

creativity

A

a lot of great artists/thinkers likely had bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

heritability of bipolar

A

if someone who shares your genes has bipolar, you have a high chance of having bipolar

37
Q

what does anxiety involve

A

strong negative emotions: fear, disgust, sadness-> feel these emotions deeply, physical apprehension: quick fight/flight response

38
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

general feeling of dread, always worried something will go wrong, can have panic attacks

39
Q

phobias

A

have specific anxiety reaction to a trigger, this reaction needs to be unreasonable

40
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

41
Q

brontophobia

A

fear of storms

42
Q

OCD (low levels of what)

A
  • obsessive compulsive disorder
  • intrusive thoughts/behaviors
  • have little to no control over their obsessive thoughts/compulsive disorders
  • associated with low levels of serotonin
43
Q

obsessions

A

cognitive symptom, personal distress

44
Q

compulsions

A

behavioral symptoms, maladaptive behavior

45
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

unrealistic perception of their physical flaws– become worries with how other people are perceiving their flaws

46
Q

PTSD (associated with what)

A
  • post traumatic stress disorder, singular cause-> there has to be a traumatic event
  • associated with smaller hippocampus
47
Q

hypervigilance

A

very aware of their environment, constantly in fight/flight response (symptom of PTSD)

48
Q

disordered cognitions and selective recall

A
  • can be for a range of different types of anxiety
  • misinterpreting harmless situations as harmful
  • focusing of perceived threats
  • selective recall-> more likely to recall info that confirms their anxious cognitions
49
Q

conditioning

A

anxious mothers may cause observational learning that predispose children to be anxious; also, if you grow up in a home that teaches you the world is bad

50
Q

anterior cingulate cortex

A

part of brain that is monitoring your behaviors and checking for errors in your behaviors-> hyperactive

51
Q

genetic

A

lower heritability for anxiety disorders but is still heritable

52
Q

anxiety (what’s deficient, prevalence)

A
  • often GABA deficient
  • 19% prevalence rate
53
Q

schizophrenia (what’s associated with it, prevalence rate)

A

“Split mind”-> not processing reality correctly
- 1% prevalence rate, high heritability
- too much dopamine
- people who don’t have housing tend to have higher prevalence rate

54
Q

hallucinations

A

perceptions without sensations (audio most common)

55
Q

delusions

A

have beliefs that are contrary to reality

56
Q

catatonia

A

can get into strange/Un comfy positions and staying there for long time

57
Q

acute schizophrenia

A

comes on quickly and fast, easier to treat, schizophrenic episodes shorter

58
Q

chronic schizophrenia

A

slower developing, slow progression of hallucinations, delusions, and catatonia

59
Q

genetics (schizophrenia)

A

people who have close genetics with someone with schizophrenia are more likely to have schizophrenia

60
Q

Odd eccentric

A

feel different from other people, have difficulty interacting with other people

61
Q

schizoid

A
  • odd eccentric
  • very little interest in creating/maintaining any relationship, very little emotional response
62
Q

dramatic emotional/erratic

A

a lot of impulsivity and attention seeking behaviors

63
Q

borderline

A

dramatic emotional, hard time regulating their emotions, maintaining relationships, have inconsistent self-image, more often diagnosed in women

64
Q

antisocial

A

dramatic emotional
- little care for social norms, hot temper, diagnosed a lot in criminal populations, men, and police officers

65
Q

anxious fearful

A

high levels of anxiety

66
Q

obsessive- compulsive personality disorder

A

anxious-fearful
- these people almost never recognize the irrationality og their behavior, very rigid in patterns/rituals and think they make sense

67
Q

somatic disorders

A

issues with bodily awareness and anxiety

68
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

preoccupation with illness symptoms, obsessively checking for symptoms

69
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

person physically display symptoms that don’t have biologic cause, some sort of psychologic cause

70
Q

factitious disorder

A

you manufacture symptoms to play sick role and get the attention you receive when you are sick

71
Q

factitious disorder imposed on another

A

enjoy nurse role, making somebody they have a close relationship with appear sick, usually through poisoning, often parent to child, death rate associated with this

72
Q

dissociative disorders

A

marked by extreme issues with memory or identity

73
Q

DID (dissociative identity disorder)

A

fracturing of psyche into different identities (aka multiple personality disorder), generally starts after a traumatic event

74
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

someone is unable to recall specific details about a specific even (usually traumatic)

75
Q

dissociative fugue

A

subtype of dissociative amnesia, person becomes confused about their identity or forgets who they are, often wander into a new place with no memory of how they got there or who they are, can be eliminated with treatment

76
Q

national differences in suicide rates

A

some places have lower/higher suicide rates
- England, Italy, Spain has half suicide rate of Canada, US, and Australia

77
Q

racial difference in suicide rates

A

Caucasian or native Americans are twice as likely as black, Latino, or Asian Americans to die by suicide

78
Q

gender differences in suicide rates

A

women are more likely to attempt suicide, men are 2-4 times more likely to die by suicide than women because they are more likely to use guns

79
Q

age differences in suicide rates

A

45–65-year-old have highest suicide rates, second highest id 85 and up

80
Q

other differences by group in suicide rates

A

rates are higher for people who are wealthier, not religious, unmarried
- gay, transgender, nonbinary youths who don’t have family support
- people who have alcohol abuse problem

81
Q

temporal differences in suicide rates

A

25% of suicide deaths happen on Wednesdays, higher in April and May than any other time of year

82
Q

Exposure to suicide

A

having someone in your social circle increases your vulnerability to it, men who had coworker die by suicide were 3-5 times more likely to die by suicide compared to unexposed men

83
Q

joint attention

A

the ability to make eye contact with others and to look in the same direction that someone else is looking

84
Q

word salad

A

speech of someone with schizophrenia, may follow grammatical rules but be nonsensical in terms of context

85
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

an explanation for the origin of psychological disorders as a combination of biological predispositions plus stress or an abusive environment

86
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

-odd-eccentric
- characterized by a desire to live an isolated and asocial life and odd thoughts/beliefs

87
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A
  • odd-eccentric
  • extreme suspicions and mistrust of others in unwarranted and maladaptive ways
88
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

-dramatic-emotional
- desire to be the center of attention and by dramatic, seductive, flamboyant, and exaggerated behaviors

89
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A
  • dramatic-emotional
  • having an extremely positive and arrogant self-image and being extraordinarily self-centered
  • exaggerated sense of self-important and grandiosity

Alexis Small (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions