Psychology 111- Chapter 11

Question 1

Moods

Answer 1

longer lasting than emotions, state of being that fluctuates across time

Question 2

Nonverbal Leakage

Answer 2

trying to hide your emotional state, this is what happens when some of the behaviors you are trying to suppress come through

Question 3

Affective Forecasting

Answer 3

we try to predict how we will feel in the future, we are very bad at this, but it has a big influence on our behaviors/decisions

Question 4

Hedonic treadmill

Answer 4

we try to remain in a positive state, when we experience positive emotions, we seek out other things that bring us positive emotions to remain in pos state

Question 5

Self-Determination Theory

Answer 5

motivated to satisfy needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness (we want to be good at things, want to feel independent, and fit in)

Question 6

hedonic motivations

Answer 6

we are motivated to seek out pleasure and avoid pain (we want pos emotionality)

Question 7

approval motivations

Answer 7

we like to be accepted and not rejected (engage in behaviors to be accepted by others)

Question 8

accuracy motivations

Answer 8

we like to be correct, not wrong

Question 9

Instinct/Evolutionary theory

Answer 9

humans have behaviors they are naturally/instinctively motivated to engage in

Question 10

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 10

when we have something out of balance in homeostasis, that creates a drive, and we are motivated to decrease that drive

Question 11

Incentive motivation

Answer 11

external motivation, given a reason to engage in the behavior (ex: doing your job to get $$)

Question 12

arousal

Answer 12

a physiological response you are trying to control, can motivate your behaviors

Question 13

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 13

there is an optimum level of arousal for optimum level of performane

Question 14

Hypothalamus

Answer 14

likely important in measuring when you are hungry

Question 15

Glucostatic Theory

Answer 15

monitoring levels of glucose in the fluid and blood in the brain (when glucose levels drop, brain sends signals to eat)

Question 16

learned preferences

Answer 16

culturally/family based, what you would rather eat

Question 17

stress

Answer 17

leads to increased eating (when stressed, fight or flight is engaged so the body needs more energy), pos emotionality can come from food

Question 18

palatability

Answer 18

we are more likely to eat more food if it tastes good

Question 19

quantity

Answer 19

we eat the amount we are given (if we are given a lot of food, we will eat more than if we were given a smaller amount with the chance to get more)

Question 20

quality

Answer 20

the higher the quality, the more we are going to eat

Question 21

variety

Answer 21

given a large variety, we will eat some from each option

Question 22

sensory-specific satiety

Answer 22

when we get full for a specific food

Question 23

others

Answer 23

others increase the amount of food we eat (we are distracted by the people around us and are less likely to listen to our bodily signals)

Question 24

stress

Answer 24

when we start feeling stressed, we shift to more unhealthy foods (it takes more self-control to eat healthier)

Question 25

extrinsic motivation

Answer 25

some external push to get you to engage in a behavior/action

Question 26

undermining effect

Answer 26

when something you used to do just for yourself gets some extrinsic motivations, you give into it (ex: painting for fun-> money)

Question 27

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 27

motivation coming internally

Question 28

challenge

Answer 28

intrinsic motivation fluctuates for people who like challenges bur is more consistent if you don’t

Question 29

enjoyment

Answer 29

if you enjoy a task, you are much more intrinsically motivated to engage in the task

Question 30

mastery

Answer 30

do you feel a sense of accomplishment (if you feel stupid you are less likely to be motivated to do it)

Question 31

autonomy

Answer 31

if you have more independence, you will have more intrinsic motivation to do the task

Question 32

organizational support

Answer 32

the workplace supports and benefits the workers (workers stay longer and are more motivated to stay with the company)

Question 33

evolutionary motivation to respond

Answer 33

the only way that people survived was by relating and working with other people

Question 34

emotional benefits (motivation to belong)

Answer 34

one of the best predicters of happiness is having strong and close relationships

Question 35

social media

Answer 35

see reward pathways light up when people interact with you on social media but people who spend more time on social media are higher on the narcissism scale and less happy with their own life

Question 36

cognitive

Answer 36

very personal, very influenced by culture (the thinking aspects of emotion)

Question 37

physiologic

Answer 37

how the body responds while in an emotional state, doesn’t vary as much between cultures

Question 38

behavior

Answer 38

mix when it comes to cultural influence (some are very cross cultural, and others are not)-> emotions effect facial expressions and body language

Question 39

display rules/norms

Answer 39

cultural rules based on what you can show and to who you can show them to

Question 40

valence

Answer 40

we have positive and negative emotions– there are more negative emotions than positive emotions, we are more effected by negative emotions (we feel them more strongly, they last longer, they matter more)

Question 41

universal emotions

Answer 41

the 6 emotions recognized through facial expression cross-culturally-> happiness, sadness, disgust, anger, fear, surprise

Question 42

emotion families

Answer 42

idea that you can start with base emotion and build out on them (shifts in intensity of emotions can cause us to label them differently)

Question 43

confusion

Answer 43

we can tell 6 universal emotions apart but within emotion families it can be harder to tell them apart

Question 44

amygdala

Answer 44

important for negative emotions

Question 45

discrete emotions theory

Answer 45

humans only feel a few discrete emotions, other times we feel universal emotions or a combination of them

Question 46

James-Lange

Answer 46

we see an external stimulus, which causes a physiological reaction, and then we put a cognitive label on the emotion based on the reaction

Question 47

Canon-Bard

Answer 47

external stimulus causes you to feel arousal and make cognitive appraisal at the same time

Question 48

Schacter-Singer

Answer 48

external stimulus causes physiological arousal, you look to environment to understand arousal, then make cognitive label

Question 49

Continuous Theory

Answer 49

any emotion can be plotted on a spectrum, there are 2 spectrums (displeasurable-> pleasurable and high arousal-> low arousal)

Question 50

somatovisceral afference model of emotion (SAME)

Answer 50

different emotions have different levels of physiological arousal and depending on intensity, it makes it easier or harder to label the emotion

Question 51

reappraisal

Answer 51

think about situation/context we are in, and we want to feel a different emotion so we re-label to cause different emotions (ex: friend gets job you wanted and you’re originally sad but reappraise so you feel happy for them)

Question 52

expressive suppression

Answer 52

when you try to hide emotion we are feeling, not very good at it

Question 53

Duchenne smile

Answer 53

genuine smile, differences in facial expressions when smiling (the eyes and tenseness around the lips differentiate between a real and fake smile)