Psychology 111- Chapter 10

Question 1

Alfred Binet

Answer 1

“Father of intelligence testing”
- contracted by French government to create a test to separate kids into who should and shouldn’t receive state-funded schooling

Question 2

Lewis Terman

Answer 2

transitioned what Binet did for use in the US, created Stanford-Binet test, still using children
- came up with idea of IQ (mental age divided by chronological age times 100)
- mental age-> based on test

Question 3

David Wechsler

Answer 3

first to come up with adult intelligence test
- WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)

Question 4

Convergent problems

Answer 4

problems with known solutions

Question 5

divergent problems

Answer 5

no known solution to problem

Question 6

Inducing structure

Answer 6

try to find a relationship between known elements of problem and use those relationships to solve the problem

Question 7

arrangement

Answer 7

change alignment of pieces of problem in order to arrive at solution

Question 8

transformation

Answer 8

change elements of problem in order to find solution

Question 9

trial and error

Answer 9

randomly trying solutions hoping you arrive at the correct one

Question 10

algorithm

Answer 10

coming up with strategy to try every possible solution until you arrive at the answer

Question 11

heuristic

Answer 11

use a strategy to try likely solutions

Question 12

subgoals

Answer 12

break the problem into smaller problems

Question 13

incubation

Answer 13

step away from the problem

Question 14

intelligence testing

Answer 14

• broad, large number of different areas to get cumulative idea os intelligence

Question 15

aptitude testing

Answer 15

• more focused than intelligence testing
• looking for specific skills, generally tests like SAT/ACT

Question 16

achievement testing

Answer 16

most narrow type of testing
- testing mastery for a specific suject

Question 17

testing perspective

Answer 17

measuring intelligence/ability
- focused on amount

Question 18

cognitive perspective

Answer 18

how you use intelligence/information
- focused on utility
- more correlated with success

Question 19

cultural bias

Answer 19

these types of tests were created by highly educated white men from English speaking cultures

Question 20

G-Factor

Answer 20

created by Spearmen
- said intelligence made of 3 categories: verbal (defining words, using analogies… etc.), spatial (think about things spatially), and quantitatively (math problems)
- fairly narrow view of intelligence

Question 21

Cattel-Horn-Carrol (CHC) Model

Answer 21

• we sort info into 3 categories
  1) General (a lot of info, more factual, similar to G-factor)
  2) Broad (focused on thinking skills)
  3) Narrow (very specific/distinct areas of knowledge)

Question 22

analytic

Answer 22

• Sternberg’s triarchic theory
  = a lot of questions on intelligence tests-> solving problems and arriving at specific answers

Question 23

creative

Answer 23

• Sternberg’s triarchic theory
  = ability to come up with new/unusual ways to solve problems and arriving at specific answers

Question 24

practical

Answer 24

• Sternberg’s triarchic theory
  = ability to solve problems you could encounter in your day-to-day life

Question 25

Gardner’s 8 types of Intelligence

Answer 25

he thought all that was too narrow

Question 26

cumulative deprivation hypothesis

Answer 26

if someone is growing up in an area that is deprived in some way, that deprivation usually leads to lower intelligence scores

Question 27

reaction range

Answer 27

genetics determine the range of your possible ointelligence, your environment is going to determine where you fall in that range

Question 28

Flynn Effect

Answer 28

if you look across generations, intelligence scores are rising

Question 29

Preparation

Answer 29

• stage of creativity
  = where you are thinking about a problem, defining the problem and its constraints

Question 30

Incubation

Answer 30

• stage of creativity
  = not consciously thinking about it, tucked away in your brain
• lets you approach the problem with new thinking

Question 31

Insight

Answer 31

• stage of creativity
  = where the answer is coming to your mind, you discover your answer, can happen suddenly or over time

Question 32

Elaboration

Answer 32

• stage of creativity
  = verification; expanding on the answer and making sure it is the correct answer

Question 33

divergent thinking

Answer 33

• ability to think of new ways to reach a solution
• may not arrive at the “best: answer but can arrive at answer nobody thought of before or one that works for your mentality

Question 34

convergent thinking

Answer 34

want to find the best answer to the problem

Question 35

expertise

Answer 35

you have a good foundation in an area, it makes it easier to come up with creative ways to approach problems in that area

Question 36

imaginative thinking

Answer 36

if you are generally creative/imaginative it is more likely that you’ll be creative in a specific instance

Question 37

venturesome personality

Answer 37

if you like doing new things/taking chances you’re more likely to be creative

Question 38

intrinsic motivation

Answer 38

you can motivate yourself, you’re more likely to be a creative person

Question 39

creative environment

Answer 39

an environment that supports and rewards creativity encourages creativity from people in that environment

Question 40

Onset

Answer 40

• intellectual disability criteria
• = childhood/adolescence

Question 41

IQ

Answer 41

• intellectual disability criteria
  = 2 standard deviations away from the mean (below 70)

Question 42

Adaptive functioning

Answer 42

• intellectual disability criteria
  = need help in day-to-day life

Question 43

Categories of Intellectual disabilities

Answer 43

• mild, moderate, severe, and profound
• how well they function in day-to-day life
• most in mild category (have normal adult life)
• higher categories generally need a caretaker

Question 44

Chromosomal

Answer 44

• issue in genetic code (mutation/genetic disorder)

Question 45

metabolic

Answer 45

happened during gestation in womb (exposure to teratogen)

Question 46

biologic

Answer 46

any other type of medical reason

Question 47

unknown

Answer 47

most fall into this category (about 75%)