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Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies Flashcards

1
Q

mechanisms of change

A

making the unconscious conscious

emotional insight

creating meaning and historical reconstruction

increasing and appreciating limits of agency

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2
Q

appropriate candidates

A

motivated
openly disclosing
willing to self-scrutinize
not in need of immediate crisis intervention
“problems in living” reflected in stress
personality disorders

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3
Q

short term dynamic psychotherapy

A

less than 40 sessions

often uncontrolled or lack rigorous active control groups; many limited by small sample sizes

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4
Q

long term psychoanalytic therapy

A

not rigorously studied

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5
Q

cultural considerations

A

developed for educated, middle-class western europeans

therapists must:
- be aware of their own bias, society attitudes, more judgement
- utilize a range of techniques

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6
Q

BEGINNING

A
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7
Q

psychoanalytic pluralism

A

no types/just one psychoanalytic theory

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8
Q

order of freud developments:

1) develops structural model of id, ego, and superego
2) coins term “psychoanalyse”
3) works with patient anna o.

A

order: 3, 2, 1

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9
Q

Anna O.

A

young women doing well in life but develops odd symptoms while aiding sick father
- paralysis of extremities
- weak neck
- suddenly cannot hear or speak

diagnosed with hysteria

tried talk therapy (release trauma psychologically rather than physically)

used experimental approach

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10
Q

freud concluded that hysteria resulted from _____

A

trauma

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11
Q

freud leans away from ______ and more towards _____ ____________ to help achieve catharsis (release of negative emotion and experiences)

A

hypnosis; free association

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12
Q

freud emphasized _______ ______ (carefully observing what’s taking place without influencing)

A

scientific rigor

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13
Q

free association

A

patient says “whatever comes to mind”

therapist interprets manifest and latent content

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14
Q

manifest vs. latent content

A

m - surface material, exactly what person said

l - deeper level, underlying meaning of manifest content

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15
Q

drive theory

A

libido produces state of tension that needs to be released!

pleasure principle

shows pattern of how we as people repeat our experiences over and over

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16
Q

pleasure principle

A

we are driven to repeat experiences that release tension

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17
Q

stages of psychosexual development

A

how to achieve release of libido

1) oral phase
- younger age
- everything goes in the mouth to achieve oral gratification

2) anal phase
- toddler
- control of bowels/choice of retaining or passing feces
- important to not instill shame in child for this

3) phallic phase
- shifting to genitals

4) latency period
- socializing through and into puberty
- what is or isn’t accepted in society
- disconnect b/t mentally vs. societal acceptions

5) genital phase
- adult
- through sexuality

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18
Q

id

A

instinctual/entirely unconscious

where drive lives

primal wishes, fantasies, desires, etc.

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19
Q

ego

A

gradually emerge as we develop

concerns of reality/navigating conflicts b/t id + superego
- ex) delaying gratification

look for ways to channel expressions

apart of both unconscious and conscious

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20
Q

superego

A

develops as we internalize norms of society
- “right things to do”
- can become overly harsh and demanding

will change as societal norms do

some conscious (expectations of society), some unconscious

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21
Q

ego psychology

A

fixed structure of personality with 3 components: id, ego, superego

primary and secondary processes (ego’s job to satisfy them)

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22
Q

primary process of ego psychology

A

begin at birth and operate unconsciously

raw/primitive functioning

cannot distinguish b/t past, present, future, just is

look for latent content to understand these processes

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23
Q

secondary process of ego psychology

A

functioning associated with consciousness

logical, sequential, orderly, rational

24
Q

Jung

A

initially studied under Freud

drawn to experimental studies of the unconscious

broke from freud to develop his own school known as analytical or Jungian psychology

complexes
- repressed ideas that an emotionally difficult to experience consciously
- observed through reaction time

25
Jung's differences from Freud
collective unconscious - vast, hidden unconscious resource shared understanding/experiences b/t humans unconscious has creative and growth-oriented components - freud: all down side - jung: not all bad understand unconscious through observing complexes - delayed reaction time less emphasis on sexuality's role in motivation - not all drive stemming from this
26
is there a difference between the british and united states system of psychoanalytic pluralism
yes!
27
common principles of psychoanalytic perspectives
humans are motivated by wishes and fantasies that are unconscious humans are **ambivalent** about changing - want to but don't want to change @ the same time, comes with resistance to change therapy should help clients understand how their own construction of the past and present plays a role in perpetuating patterns - role: identify how to achieve tension release and relationship with therapist can bring patterns to light
28
conflict theory
childhood neurosis common and expressed through anxiety in adulthood, neurosis occurs due to conflict between unconscious wishes and defenses = intrapsychic conflict (what is or isn't ok to act on)
29
object relations theory
internal representations guide perceptions and actions very early attachment experiences (infant and caregiver) build internal working models attachment theory
30
attachment theory
humans build **internal working models** of caregivers that allow them to maintain proximity - "what do I need to do to keep this person near me so I can survive?"
31
developmental arrest definition
as child develops, gets "stuck" in one of these places
32
developmental arrest components
psychological problems are due to caregivers' failure to provide "good enough" environment - should NOT be perfect, providing some adversity to understand how to defend themselves infants believe they are omnipotent and wishes are fulfilled by mother - no development of ego/delayed gratification optimal disillusionment - goal of "good enough" - learning to accept limitations of others and develop healthy ego boundary - failing to attend to need but an attempt was made, gradual and balanced false self - needs not met @ all or rarely - infant learns to overall adjust to others, learn wishes and needs don't matter - lose touch with your own needs but instead needs of others
33
defense mechanisms
sit primarily in ego and happen unconsciously defense styles - process that helps avoid emotional pain, helps short term but hurts long term - impact our physical and mental health - have implications for treatment
34
sublimation
conflicted emotions --> productive outlet hurts: ruining other areas of life when outlet overtakes life
35
repression
forgetting something negative or unwanted no memory or awareness
36
displacement
transfer feelings from one source to another ex) get yelled at at work, yell at family when you get home
37
regression
revert to childlike state ego doesn't attempt to control emotions
38
denial
refusal to accept truth/reality feels good short term, not long term different than repression (which has no memory of event)
39
splitting
attempt to avoid negative feelings about person, split them into either all good or all bad inability to reconcile people have good and bad qualities ex) someone does one bad thing = they are a bad person
40
projection
feeling and motive about self towards another person ex) hearing laughing and then thinking it is about you
41
reaction formation
negative belief unwilling to admit to self = proclaim the opposite ex) attraction toward same sex = proclaiming homophobia
42
intellectualization
talking about something while keeping emotional distance very matter-of-fact can recognize they played role but without emotions ex) stroke patient describing their own experience as not their own or giving details about accident but not about their feelings
43
rationalization
attempt to explain something away/coming up with an excuse (taking away responsibility) ex) I failed because my teacher hates me
44
theory of psychotherapy basic theory
intrapsychic conflict and maladaptive use of defense mechanisms
45
one-person vs. two-person
one: patient is considered a person and the therapist is a blank observer two: relationship b/t 2 people, therapist is a person too
46
intersubjectivity
therapy is complicated/debate b/t therapist and patient goal = come to consensus
47
enactment
same patterns are going to happen in therapy as they do outside (which is mostly why they go to therapy) create false self: over adapt to others, meet others' needs
48
we don't see the world as it is. we see the world as ___ _____
we are
49
transference
what takes place from patient to therapist patient's schemas shape relationship with therapist as one they had with a past person
50
countertransference
therapist's reaction to totality of patients transference
51
therapeutic alliance is how well ...
patient and therapist are aligned in treatment plans and trust key to withstand tough tines in treatment
52
resistance in therapy
people have a tendency to resist change working through, not an obstacle but an opportunity
53
methods of psychotherapy (interaction)
empathy - emphasis on emotion - empathetic conjectures: "I can imagine...", "I can see.." - hypothesize what person was experiencing clarification - interpret what patient is saying - making unconscious conscious - hypothesizing latent content interpretation - hypothesis for what may be happening - often in form of questions to ease information on patient - skill in determining when interpretation should be shared with client/beneficial to hear support/advise - part of relationship, can help build alliance
54
methods of psychotherapy (process)
opening - beginning to reveal information at their own pace - looking for themes, patterns, conflicts, defense mechanisms, and evidence of resistance development of transference - patients reaction to therapist working through - to develop insight - interpretations of how past influences present - patterns that play out all the time for patient/what unconscious behavior is causing this termination - ending treatment, patient-led - therapist needs to be aware of countertransference (if they don't want patient to leave) - goal: for patient to see own role in patterns and role in driving own change, they are in control
55
review notes on annie's therapy sessions!
got it :)

Psych 360 (27 decks)

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