Cognitive Therapy Flashcards
who emphasized role of beliefs in behavior change/what you think influence feelings and behavior
Kelly (1955)
who did the cognitive theories of emotion
Lazarus (1984)
who gave cognitive therapy importance in 1962?
Ellis with REBT
bandura emphasized expectancies and efficacies, the difference being…
ex - what you think will happen/influence experiences people will have
ef - specific experience in ability to achieve something
aaron beck was trained in …
psychoanalysis
what does Beck’s theory of emotional disorders and cognitive model of depression say
biasing world is what is causing distress, like depression
systematic biasing perceptions = ability to identify and work through ways of perceiving
Beck said, “For people with depression, nothing succeeds liked _______ but for people without depression, nothing succeeds like _______”
success; failure
personality = ________ + __________-
temperament; cognitive schemas
2 dimensions of personality
clusters of attributes
styles of responding
psychological distress results from… (3 things)
perceived threat
- threat to self image, esteem, etc./something in conflict to goals
maladaptive interpretations
- misinterpreting information
reduced cognitive and reasoning abilities
what causes distress in cognitive therapy
systematic bias in information processing
sys. = tendency to do same types of misinterpretations consistently with beliefs
info. = how I take information from world and interpret it
cognitive vs. REBT
cogn = focused on biased way we receive information around us
REBT = irrational demands we make on self/others/world
cognitive distortions
change what we think/your thoughts are no longer accurate
cognitive distortions: catastrophizing
the tendency to blow circumstances out of proportion by making problems larger than life
ex. fail test = fail college, think problem is bigger than it is
cognitive distortions: personalization
the tendency to take the blame for absolutely everything that goes wrong in your life
ex. someone is in a bad mood, you think you did something to upset them
cognitive distortions: overgeneralization
the tendency to make broad generalizations based upon a single event and minimal evidence
ex. phobias! bit by dog once = fear of dogs
cognitive distortions: emotional reasoning
the tendency to interpret your experience based upon how you’re feeling in the moment
hard to find
ex. yelled @ but in reality person didn’t raise voice but felt like yelling
critique of CT
invalidating towards emotions
cognitive distortions: shoulding and musting
the tendency to make unrealistic and unreasonable demands on yourself or others
REBT, “should” or “must” be this way
cognitive distortions: magnification and minimization
the tendency to magnify the positive attributes of another, while minimizing your own
downplaying own achievement while supporting others, major issue with social media
ex. you got a 90 on a test and are upset but praise friend who got a 91
cognitive triad of depression
Maladaptive beliefs about:
self
- decrease self worth, ex. I’m not good enough
future
- bias information in ways that feel hopelessness/ helplessness
world
- negative, everything is awful/horrible
what aspect of CT is this depicting:
everything is bad + I’m bad + it’s never getting better
cognitive triad of depression
goal of CT is to change the way of ________
thinking
3 major systematic biases with anxiety
exaggerated perception of danger
- over perceiving threat
difficulty recognizing cues of safety
- in environment with danger, can’t recognize environmental cues to realize there is safety
minimizing ability to cope
- biasing information to process
Obsessive compulsive disorder
uncertainty of safety (obsession)
- intrusive thoughts are normal but reaction/obsession causes distress
sense of responsibility to take action (compulsion)
- compulsion = process to prevent obsession
- ex. as long as I am counting posts, I won’t swerve
cognitive schema comparison video
fish always in water doesn’t know what it is = cognitive schemas (how we always see the world, don’t realize that’s how we see things)
hierarchy of thought for CT
- core beliefs
- underlying assumptions
- automatic thoughts
- voluntary thoughts
hierarchy of thought for CT: core beliefs
foundation of maladaptive schemas
big and general beliefs we hold
developed in childhood
lead to anxiety and depression
hierarchy of thought for CT: underlying assumptions
give rise to automatic thoughts; shape perceptions, provided interpretation and meaning
conclusion drawn with absence of evidence
hierarchy of thought for CT: automatic thoughts
spontaneous and triggered by circumstances
stimulus –> automatic thought –> emotion and behavior
actual words said to self about assumption
differs from situation to situation
hierarchy of thought for CT: voluntary thoughts
most accessible and stable thoughts
thoughts we decided to have, easiest to identify because done on purpose
goal of therapy for CT is to correct …
faulty information/systematic bias in processing
is the goal of therapy in CT just substitution of positive beliefs for negative ones?
NO; need balance!
treat thoughts as _____ _________ in CT
testable hypotheses
therapeutic relationship in CT
collaborative (key component)
therapist as a guide and catalyst for change
warmth, empathy, genuineness, curiosity
emphasizes patient responsibility (10,080 minutes in a week, only 45 of those are in person therapy)
3 theories of psychotherapy in CT/what we do about distress
collaborative empiricism
socratic dialogue
guided discovery
collaborative empiricism
work together and use evidence to draw conclusion that may or may not support hypothesis
thought to be little scientists
treat patient and therapist as co-investigators
developing testable hypothesis
socratic dialogue
asking questions that designed to help someone form conclusion by bringing them along with you/lead to answer instead of just giving it to them
guided discovery
teach people how to set up/conduct experiment to test hypotheses
how do therapists work through the hierarchy of thought?
top to bottom
structure of treatment in CT
initial phase
- assessment and contract (like BT)
- skills education
middle and later sessions
- identify themes in automative thoughts
- challenge core beliefs (design behavioral experiments to test thoughts)
ending treatment
- relapse prevention (how to identify when a skill is needed and when you may need a booster session)
goal of CT is for the therapist to talk (more/less) throughout progression of treatment
less! transfer responsibility to patient
session structure for CT
- set agenda (with patient input)
- review previous material
- review homework
- cover new material
- summarize and assign new homework
- elicit feedback (ex. “How do you think today went?”)
psychoeducation terms
thoughts (influence behavior and feelings)
behaviors (influence feelings and thoughts)
feelings (influence behaviors and thoughts)
define alexithymia and what is a CT tool used to combat it
inability to communicate how one is feeling; self monitoring
techniques for challenging distortions
decatastrophizing
- imagining what if’s/worst case scenario/how you will cope
reattribution
- considering alternative causes for something
- assigns responsibility on entire body of evidence
redefining
- restate problem with concrete things within your control
decentering
- challenging idea that people are so concerned with you (they aren’t)
incorporation of behavioral techniques in CT
homework
hypothesis testing (e.g., via behavioral experiments)
exposure therapy
behavioral rehearsal or role playing
activity scheduling (commit to engaging in activities, feel better after!)
CT allows patient to experience _______ and _____ ________ simultaneously
emotion; reality testing
core beliefs must be made ______ to be modified
accessible
modification of dysfunctional _______ leads to effective change
assumptions
large effects are shown among what in CT
depression (Child and adult)
GAD, panic disorder
medium effects are shown among what in CT
marital distress
anger
chronic pain
childhood somatic disorders (unexplained physical symptoms/physical expression of distress)
when patient’s own beliefs don’t match culture, therapist should…
develop flexibility and reconcile beliefs with environmental constraints
