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Psych 360 > Cognitive Therapy > Flashcards

Cognitive Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

who emphasized role of beliefs in behavior change/what you think influence feelings and behavior

A

Kelly (1955)

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2
Q

who did the cognitive theories of emotion

A

Lazarus (1984)

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3
Q

who gave cognitive therapy importance in 1962?

A

Ellis with REBT

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4
Q

bandura emphasized expectancies and efficacies, the difference being…

A

ex - what you think will happen/influence experiences people will have

ef - specific experience in ability to achieve something

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5
Q

aaron beck was trained in …

A

psychoanalysis

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6
Q

what does Beck’s theory of emotional disorders and cognitive model of depression say

A

biasing world is what is causing distress, like depression

systematic biasing perceptions = ability to identify and work through ways of perceiving

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7
Q

Beck said, “For people with depression, nothing succeeds liked _______ but for people without depression, nothing succeeds like _______”

A

success; failure

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8
Q

personality = ________ + __________-

A

temperament; cognitive schemas

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9
Q

2 dimensions of personality

A

clusters of attributes

styles of responding

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10
Q

psychological distress results from… (3 things)

A

perceived threat
- threat to self image, esteem, etc./something in conflict to goals

maladaptive interpretations
- misinterpreting information

reduced cognitive and reasoning abilities

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11
Q

what causes distress in cognitive therapy

A

systematic bias in information processing

sys. = tendency to do same types of misinterpretations consistently with beliefs

info. = how I take information from world and interpret it

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12
Q

cognitive vs. REBT

A

cogn = focused on biased way we receive information around us

REBT = irrational demands we make on self/others/world

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13
Q

cognitive distortions

A

change what we think/your thoughts are no longer accurate

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14
Q

cognitive distortions: catastrophizing

A

the tendency to blow circumstances out of proportion by making problems larger than life

ex. fail test = fail college, think problem is bigger than it is

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15
Q

cognitive distortions: personalization

A

the tendency to take the blame for absolutely everything that goes wrong in your life

ex. someone is in a bad mood, you think you did something to upset them

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16
Q

cognitive distortions: overgeneralization

A

the tendency to make broad generalizations based upon a single event and minimal evidence

ex. phobias! bit by dog once = fear of dogs

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17
Q

cognitive distortions: emotional reasoning

A

the tendency to interpret your experience based upon how you’re feeling in the moment

hard to find

ex. yelled @ but in reality person didn’t raise voice but felt like yelling

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18
Q

critique of CT

A

invalidating towards emotions

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19
Q

cognitive distortions: shoulding and musting

A

the tendency to make unrealistic and unreasonable demands on yourself or others

REBT, “should” or “must” be this way

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20
Q

cognitive distortions: magnification and minimization

A

the tendency to magnify the positive attributes of another, while minimizing your own

downplaying own achievement while supporting others, major issue with social media

ex. you got a 90 on a test and are upset but praise friend who got a 91

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21
Q

cognitive triad of depression

A

Maladaptive beliefs about:

self
- decrease self worth, ex. I’m not good enough

future
- bias information in ways that feel hopelessness/ helplessness

world
- negative, everything is awful/horrible

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22
Q

what aspect of CT is this depicting:

everything is bad + I’m bad + it’s never getting better

A

cognitive triad of depression

23
Q

goal of CT is to change the way of ________

A

thinking

24
Q

3 major systematic biases with anxiety

A

exaggerated perception of danger
- over perceiving threat

difficulty recognizing cues of safety
- in environment with danger, can’t recognize environmental cues to realize there is safety

minimizing ability to cope
- biasing information to process

25
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

uncertainty of safety (obsession)
- intrusive thoughts are normal but reaction/obsession causes distress

sense of responsibility to take action (compulsion)
- compulsion = process to prevent obsession
- ex. as long as I am counting posts, I won’t swerve

26
Q

cognitive schema comparison video

A

fish always in water doesn’t know what it is = cognitive schemas (how we always see the world, don’t realize that’s how we see things)

27
Q

hierarchy of thought for CT

A
  1. core beliefs
  2. underlying assumptions
  3. automatic thoughts
  4. voluntary thoughts
28
Q

hierarchy of thought for CT: core beliefs

A

foundation of maladaptive schemas

big and general beliefs we hold

developed in childhood

lead to anxiety and depression

29
Q

hierarchy of thought for CT: underlying assumptions

A

give rise to automatic thoughts; shape perceptions, provided interpretation and meaning

conclusion drawn with absence of evidence

30
Q

hierarchy of thought for CT: automatic thoughts

A

spontaneous and triggered by circumstances

stimulus –> automatic thought –> emotion and behavior

actual words said to self about assumption

differs from situation to situation

31
Q

hierarchy of thought for CT: voluntary thoughts

A

most accessible and stable thoughts

thoughts we decided to have, easiest to identify because done on purpose

32
Q

goal of therapy for CT is to correct …

A

faulty information/systematic bias in processing

33
Q

is the goal of therapy in CT just substitution of positive beliefs for negative ones?

A

NO; need balance!

34
Q

treat thoughts as _____ _________ in CT

A

testable hypotheses

35
Q

therapeutic relationship in CT

A

collaborative (key component)

therapist as a guide and catalyst for change

warmth, empathy, genuineness, curiosity

emphasizes patient responsibility (10,080 minutes in a week, only 45 of those are in person therapy)

36
Q

3 theories of psychotherapy in CT/what we do about distress

A

collaborative empiricism

socratic dialogue

guided discovery

37
Q

collaborative empiricism

A

work together and use evidence to draw conclusion that may or may not support hypothesis

thought to be little scientists

treat patient and therapist as co-investigators

developing testable hypothesis

38
Q

socratic dialogue

A

asking questions that designed to help someone form conclusion by bringing them along with you/lead to answer instead of just giving it to them

39
Q

guided discovery

A

teach people how to set up/conduct experiment to test hypotheses

40
Q

how do therapists work through the hierarchy of thought?

A

top to bottom

41
Q

structure of treatment in CT

A

initial phase
- assessment and contract (like BT)
- skills education

middle and later sessions
- identify themes in automative thoughts
- challenge core beliefs (design behavioral experiments to test thoughts)

ending treatment
- relapse prevention (how to identify when a skill is needed and when you may need a booster session)

42
Q

goal of CT is for the therapist to talk (more/less) throughout progression of treatment

A

less! transfer responsibility to patient

43
Q

session structure for CT

A
  1. set agenda (with patient input)
  2. review previous material
  3. review homework
  4. cover new material
  5. summarize and assign new homework
  6. elicit feedback (ex. “How do you think today went?”)
44
Q

psychoeducation terms

A

thoughts (influence behavior and feelings)

behaviors (influence feelings and thoughts)

feelings (influence behaviors and thoughts)

45
Q

define alexithymia and what is a CT tool used to combat it

A

inability to communicate how one is feeling; self monitoring

46
Q

techniques for challenging distortions

A

decatastrophizing
- imagining what if’s/worst case scenario/how you will cope

reattribution
- considering alternative causes for something
- assigns responsibility on entire body of evidence

redefining
- restate problem with concrete things within your control

decentering
- challenging idea that people are so concerned with you (they aren’t)

47
Q

incorporation of behavioral techniques in CT

A

homework

hypothesis testing (e.g., via behavioral experiments)

exposure therapy

behavioral rehearsal or role playing

activity scheduling (commit to engaging in activities, feel better after!)

48
Q

CT allows patient to experience _______ and _____ ________ simultaneously

A

emotion; reality testing

49
Q

core beliefs must be made ______ to be modified

A

accessible

50
Q

modification of dysfunctional _______ leads to effective change

A

assumptions

51
Q

large effects are shown among what in CT

A

depression (Child and adult)

GAD, panic disorder

52
Q

medium effects are shown among what in CT

A

marital distress

anger

chronic pain

childhood somatic disorders (unexplained physical symptoms/physical expression of distress)

53
Q

when patient’s own beliefs don’t match culture, therapist should…

A

develop flexibility and reconcile beliefs with environmental constraints

Psych 360 (27 decks)

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