Client Centered Therapy

Question 1

client centered therapy was developed by

Answer 1

Carl Rogers

Question 2

what was also termed as humanistic, phenomenological, and person-centered

Answer 2

client centered therapy

Question 3

what force is client centered therapy considered in psychology

Answer 3

third

Question 4

carl rogers was trained ________

Answer 4

psychoanalytically

Question 5

carl rogers was influenced by Otto Rank’s ___________ _________

Answer 5

nondirective therapy

Question 6

what is unique about carl roger’s client centered therapy?

Answer 6

no set order/crystallized into rules

no phases to follow, skillfully listen to client to where they lead

Question 7

what was important about the paper that Carl Rogers published in 1957?

Answer 7

it coined necessary and sufficient conditions, meaning what is required for treatment to work (necessary) were the only things needed to be present (sufficient)

Question 8

3 things that need to happen for change in therapy (according to carl rogers)

Answer 8

can you be real in relationship/genuine/present/congruent(!)

will you find yourself praising and caring for client? Change is likely if you feel praising of client/caring towards them

understand inner world through client, in their feelings, use empathy to take on their perspective

Question 9

early research in client centered therapy

Answer 9

predictors of change among people with schizophrenia
–>
accurate empathy (therapist is correctly stating clients feelings)
–>
patient’s perception (accurate b/c patients judgement changed/how understood the patient felt)

Question 10

Basic assumptions of client centered therapy

Answer 10

all humans have an actualizing tendency
- formative tendency
- organisms seek to maintain and enhance themselves
- ALL humans start therapy doing the best they can, wanting to better themselves

reacting as a whole
- people are more than parts, cannot judge them based off of parts
- while organisms striving for good

(someone not reaching full potential = experiences has thwarted growth, doing the best they can in given environment)

Question 11

the self

Answer 11

need to define self to observe change, characteristics + values attached to them (“I” or “me”)

Question 12

three things that make up the self

Answer 12

experience

internal frame of reference

organismic valuing process

Question 13

the self: experience

Answer 13

be aware of experience happening but while experience can be outside of conscious awareness

exp. coming from internal world and perception

all have own reality and experience, all have private world within us

symbolization

Question 14

symbolization

Answer 14

becoming aware and conscious of experiences, internal world is fully in your awareness

Question 15

the self: internal frame of reference

Answer 15

each person has own vantage point of seeing the world

how close can therapist come to client’s frame of reference!

Question 16

the self: organismic valuing process

Answer 16

own values and how to apply/use them in our own life (sounds like existentialism)

can cause distress when values conflict with should’s of society or not behaving in accordance with own values

come to rely on own value judgements

Question 17

the three themes of the 19 basic propositions

Answer 17

perception

self-concept

psychological adjustment

Question 18

are you familiar with the 19 basic propositions mentioned in the book?

Answer 18

duh

Question 19

perception

Answer 19

we react to the world based on our own perceptions:
- “reality” - as something is perceived = that is real for me
- self: own perception and definition of self!

all behavior attempts to satisfy needs based on their perception of reality
- behavior doesn’t look satisfying, b/c person is doing best they can with what they have within perception, if fully perceive experience = different choices

understand behavior through the individual’s vantage point
- /frame of reference

Question 20

self-concept

Answer 20

center of our own worlds/uniqueness

structure is consistent yet fluid
- comes from ways we develop patterns in perception, labels we use (ex. friend, daughter, dr., etc.)

behavior can be:
- consistent
- ex. self concept can be (-) with (-) behavior as well (we want self-concept that is (+) with (+) behavior
- inconsistent
- distressing

Question 21

psychological adjustment

Answer 21

experiences consistent with self
- isn’t stable, can grow/change over time

understanding of others
- take you perspective and still be comfy with own while recognizing they are different

see value as continuous process
- what we value and how to use these values
- doing this helps us understand others

Question 22

maladjustment =

Answer 22

denying experience/not aware of internal world

Question 23

what does client centered therapy have in common with other therapeutic approaches?

Answer 23

aims to enhance the life functioning and self-experience of clients

Question 24

how does client centered therapy differ from other therapeutic approaches?

Answer 24

does not use techniques, treatment planning, or goal setting to achieve these ends

Question 25

what is the goal for client centered therapy?

Answer 25

therapist cannot decide what is right for patient

create space for self healing to occur

Question 26

necessary and sufficient conditions for therapy

Answer 26

two people are in psychological contact

client is in a state of incongruence (internal doesn’t = external behavior)

therapist is congruent or integrated in relationship

therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for the client

therapist experiences an empathic understanding of client

client perceives therapists’ empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard

Question 27

self actualizing happens with what conditions?

Answer 27

necessary and sufficient

Question 28

3 conditions for therapy: therapist

Answer 28

empathy

unconditional positive regard

congruence

Question 29

3 conditions for therapy: therapist: empathy

Answer 29

genuinely want to know reality through client’s eyes

profound interests and care for feelings of client

Question 30

3 conditions for therapy: therapist: congruence

Answer 30

helps build trust and human relationship

don’t have to like or agree with client, can convey this to them to maintain congruences

genuineness, fully transparent

Question 31

3 conditions for therapy: therapist: unconditional positive regard

Answer 31

“I believe you have value as a person and actions/choices made don’t affect this value”

separate actions and internal experience of client with genuine values of a person

Question 32

conditions for therapy should increase

Answer 32

symbolize experiences

bring forward balanced sense of self, based on internal values

assimilating new experiences, change in self is good!

Question 33

distress takes place when …

Answer 33

internal values don’t = external behavior

Question 34

what movie was used as an example for congruence, empathy and unconditional positive regard

Answer 34

good will hunting!

Question 35

3 conditions for therapy: client

Answer 35

self-concept

locus-of-evaluation

experiencing

Question 36

3 conditions for therapy: client: self-concept

Answer 36

not well adjusted/not aligned with values and behavior

usually low at the start of therapy

Question 37

3 conditions for therapy: client: experiencing

Answer 37

incapable of fully realizing experiences

Question 38

3 conditions for therapy: client: locus-of-evaluation

Answer 38

external, focused on others opinions rather our own

Question 39

what do the 3 conditions for therapy for client and therapist form?

Answer 39

trust

Question 40

methods of psychotherapy: client centered therapy

Answer 40

non-directive
- agenda, length of therapy, what happens in session, etc. are developed by client

respect
- common respect = unconditional positive regard
- immediate attempt to understand things from your perspective
- non-verbals = eye contact, engaged

understanding

Question 41

the goal of client centered therapy is to help the client…

Answer 41

recognize implicit feelings

clarify

answer questions without:
- reassurance
- advise
~ these present judgement and a false sense of solution

Question 42

what was Gloria insistent on in her session with Rogers?

Answer 42

she wanted him to reassure her and tell her exactly what to do/what is right or wrong in her situation

Question 43

distinctive components for client centered therapy

Answer 43

necessary and sufficient conditions for change

focus on the client’s internal frame of reference

not focused on changing structure of personality

same principles of psychotherapy apply to all people

Question 44

who does most of the talking in client centered therapy?

Answer 44

the client!

Question 45

mechanisms of psychotherapy: client centered therapy

Answer 45

molecules of change
- moments of movement
- single instance where change is seen and an experience is capable of being symbolized and integrated in self-concept

Zimring’s new paradigm
- objective to subjective
- people are more comfortable working in objective context (themselves in outside world)
- goal is to fully internalize/subjective

Question 46

what is a phenonmenon that roger’s says is fine and a normal human experiences/emotion in therapy?

Answer 46

countertransference and transference

Question 47

evidence base for client centered therapy

Answer 47

therapeutic factors
- like empathy

extra-therapeutic factors
- research shows clients perception of therapists empathy is key

core conditions

Question 48

cultural considerations for client centered therapy

Answer 48

within-group differences can exceed between group differences
- multiple groups (intersectionality - people belong to multiple groups)
- evolving self-concept
- uniqueness

therapists must:
- be aware of own biases
- challenge bias to achieve true empathic understanding
- have openness and appreciation for all kinds of difference