Client Centered Therapy Flashcards
client centered therapy was developed by
Carl Rogers
what was also termed as humanistic, phenomenological, and person-centered
client centered therapy
what force is client centered therapy considered in psychology
third
carl rogers was trained ________
psychoanalytically
carl rogers was influenced by Otto Rank’s ___________ _________
nondirective therapy
what is unique about carl roger’s client centered therapy?
no set order/crystallized into rules
no phases to follow, skillfully listen to client to where they lead
what was important about the paper that Carl Rogers published in 1957?
it coined necessary and sufficient conditions, meaning what is required for treatment to work (necessary) were the only things needed to be present (sufficient)
3 things that need to happen for change in therapy (according to carl rogers)
can you be real in relationship/genuine/present/congruent(!)
will you find yourself praising and caring for client? Change is likely if you feel praising of client/caring towards them
understand inner world through client, in their feelings, use empathy to take on their perspective
early research in client centered therapy
predictors of change among people with schizophrenia
–>
accurate empathy (therapist is correctly stating clients feelings)
–>
patient’s perception (accurate b/c patients judgement changed/how understood the patient felt)
Basic assumptions of client centered therapy
all humans have an actualizing tendency
- formative tendency
- organisms seek to maintain and enhance themselves
- ALL humans start therapy doing the best they can, wanting to better themselves
reacting as a whole
- people are more than parts, cannot judge them based off of parts
- while organisms striving for good
(someone not reaching full potential = experiences has thwarted growth, doing the best they can in given environment)
the self
need to define self to observe change, characteristics + values attached to them (“I” or “me”)
three things that make up the self
experience
internal frame of reference
organismic valuing process
the self: experience
be aware of experience happening but while experience can be outside of conscious awareness
exp. coming from internal world and perception
all have own reality and experience, all have private world within us
symbolization
symbolization
becoming aware and conscious of experiences, internal world is fully in your awareness
the self: internal frame of reference
each person has own vantage point of seeing the world
how close can therapist come to client’s frame of reference!
the self: organismic valuing process
own values and how to apply/use them in our own life (sounds like existentialism)
can cause distress when values conflict with should’s of society or not behaving in accordance with own values
come to rely on own value judgements
the three themes of the 19 basic propositions
perception
self-concept
psychological adjustment
are you familiar with the 19 basic propositions mentioned in the book?
duh
perception
we react to the world based on our own perceptions:
- “reality” - as something is perceived = that is real for me
- self: own perception and definition of self!
all behavior attempts to satisfy needs based on their perception of reality
- behavior doesn’t look satisfying, b/c person is doing best they can with what they have within perception, if fully perceive experience = different choices
understand behavior through the individual’s vantage point
- /frame of reference
self-concept
center of our own worlds/uniqueness
structure is consistent yet fluid
- comes from ways we develop patterns in perception, labels we use (ex. friend, daughter, dr., etc.)
behavior can be:
- consistent
- ex. self concept can be (-) with (-) behavior as well (we want self-concept that is (+) with (+) behavior
- inconsistent
- distressing
psychological adjustment
experiences consistent with self
- isn’t stable, can grow/change over time
understanding of others
- take you perspective and still be comfy with own while recognizing they are different
see value as continuous process
- what we value and how to use these values
- doing this helps us understand others
maladjustment =
denying experience/not aware of internal world
what does client centered therapy have in common with other therapeutic approaches?
aims to enhance the life functioning and self-experience of clients
how does client centered therapy differ from other therapeutic approaches?
does not use techniques, treatment planning, or goal setting to achieve these ends
what is the goal for client centered therapy?
therapist cannot decide what is right for patient
create space for self healing to occur
necessary and sufficient conditions for therapy
two people are in psychological contact
client is in a state of incongruence (internal doesn’t = external behavior)
therapist is congruent or integrated in relationship
therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for the client
therapist experiences an empathic understanding of client
client perceives therapists’ empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard
self actualizing happens with what conditions?
necessary and sufficient
3 conditions for therapy: therapist
empathy
unconditional positive regard
congruence
3 conditions for therapy: therapist: empathy
genuinely want to know reality through client’s eyes
profound interests and care for feelings of client
3 conditions for therapy: therapist: congruence
helps build trust and human relationship
don’t have to like or agree with client, can convey this to them to maintain congruences
genuineness, fully transparent
3 conditions for therapy: therapist: unconditional positive regard
“I believe you have value as a person and actions/choices made don’t affect this value”
separate actions and internal experience of client with genuine values of a person
conditions for therapy should increase
symbolize experiences
bring forward balanced sense of self, based on internal values
assimilating new experiences, change in self is good!
distress takes place when …
internal values don’t = external behavior
what movie was used as an example for congruence, empathy and unconditional positive regard
good will hunting!
3 conditions for therapy: client
self-concept
locus-of-evaluation
experiencing
3 conditions for therapy: client: self-concept
not well adjusted/not aligned with values and behavior
usually low at the start of therapy
3 conditions for therapy: client: experiencing
incapable of fully realizing experiences
3 conditions for therapy: client: locus-of-evaluation
external, focused on others opinions rather our own
what do the 3 conditions for therapy for client and therapist form?
trust
methods of psychotherapy: client centered therapy
non-directive
- agenda, length of therapy, what happens in session, etc. are developed by client
respect
- common respect = unconditional positive regard
- immediate attempt to understand things from your perspective
- non-verbals = eye contact, engaged
understanding
the goal of client centered therapy is to help the client…
recognize implicit feelings
clarify
answer questions without:
- reassurance
- advise
~ these present judgement and a false sense of solution
what was Gloria insistent on in her session with Rogers?
she wanted him to reassure her and tell her exactly what to do/what is right or wrong in her situation
distinctive components for client centered therapy
necessary and sufficient conditions for change
focus on the client’s internal frame of reference
not focused on changing structure of personality
same principles of psychotherapy apply to all people
who does most of the talking in client centered therapy?
the client!
mechanisms of psychotherapy: client centered therapy
molecules of change
- moments of movement
- single instance where change is seen and an experience is capable of being symbolized and integrated in self-concept
Zimring’s new paradigm
- objective to subjective
- people are more comfortable working in objective context (themselves in outside world)
- goal is to fully internalize/subjective
what is a phenonmenon that roger’s says is fine and a normal human experiences/emotion in therapy?
countertransference and transference
evidence base for client centered therapy
therapeutic factors
- like empathy
extra-therapeutic factors
- research shows clients perception of therapists empathy is key
core conditions
cultural considerations for client centered therapy
within-group differences can exceed between group differences
- multiple groups (intersectionality - people belong to multiple groups)
- evolving self-concept
- uniqueness
therapists must:
- be aware of own biases
- challenge bias to achieve true empathic understanding
- have openness and appreciation for all kinds of difference
