History and Modern Psychotherapy Flashcards
psychotherapy
how people develop distress and how to deal with it
foundations of psychotherapy
pre-christian retreats centers, tribal ceremonies, religious healing
hellenist physicians
- Hippocrates
- “do no harm”
- result of organic processes
2 people who were integral in early interest in the unconscious (17th-19th century)
Gottfried Wilhem Leibniz
- ahead of his time
- subliminal aim of study
Franz Anton Mesmer
- pioneer of hypnotherapy
4 key components of psychotherapy
patient/therapist rapport
importance of therapist characteristics and qualities
patient confidence in treatment
concept of spontaneous remission
3 roads of psychotherapy
psychologist-philosophers
natural science empiricists (lab)
- observe and record information that becomes knowledge
clinician-researchers
3 natural science empiricists
Gustav T Fechner and Herman von Helmholtz
- 19th century
- studying unconscious
Emil Kraepelin
- 19-20th century
- first DSM
- saw disconnect b/t lab findings/research and what’s happening in treatment
how was the first DSM organized?
classify: cause and course of disorder
establish benchmarks and easier to prove treatments are helping
3 psychologist-philosophers
arthur schopenhauer
- driven by blind, irrational fears
- The World as Will and Representation (1819)
carl gustav carus
- levels of unconscious that interact with others/role of the unconscious in communication
neitzsche
- we lie to ourselves more than we lie to others
biological sciences claim that the ____ and _____ can be separated when in reality they can’t
mind; body
epigenetics
study of gene expression that is altered by environment and input of stimuli coming in to us
bio-psycho-social approach
not separating these three components, understand how these components work together
cultural factors are a _____ influence in psychology
big
4 cultural factors in psychotherapy
demographics
culture
language shape experience
stigma
evidence-based treatment
what works, why it works and for whom it works
“theory of personality”
plain terms: what causes distress/why might someone develop distress?
continuum of health to illness
2 important questions when diagnosing
frequent or occasional?
interfering w/ function?
with diagnosing, think about these features:
frequency
intensity
disruption
distress
clustering of symptoms
can be more diversity with symptoms ______ group than _ groups
within; 2
the DSM is an ________ document that _____ overtime
evolving; changes
DSM is influenced by:
personal biases
cultural differences
determining how we handle new emergent disorders
socio-economic status
select group of authors/studied participants
mistakes (human error)
_____ diagnoses can severely impact peoples’ lives
wrong
say this instead of “minority groups”
marginalized/minoritized groups
landmark study for homosexuality
evelyn hooker found no difference with people living straight or gay lives
who spoke at 1972 APA convention in disguise due to fear or reputation being tarnished for sexuality?
John Freyer
