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Psych 360 > History and Modern Psychotherapy > Flashcards

History and Modern Psychotherapy Flashcards

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1
Q

psychotherapy

A

how people develop distress and how to deal with it

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2
Q

foundations of psychotherapy

A

pre-christian retreats centers, tribal ceremonies, religious healing

hellenist physicians
- Hippocrates
- “do no harm”
- result of organic processes

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3
Q

2 people who were integral in early interest in the unconscious (17th-19th century)

A

Gottfried Wilhem Leibniz
- ahead of his time
- subliminal aim of study

Franz Anton Mesmer
- pioneer of hypnotherapy

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4
Q

4 key components of psychotherapy

A

patient/therapist rapport

importance of therapist characteristics and qualities

patient confidence in treatment

concept of spontaneous remission

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5
Q

3 roads of psychotherapy

A

psychologist-philosophers

natural science empiricists (lab)
- observe and record information that becomes knowledge

clinician-researchers

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6
Q

3 natural science empiricists

A

Gustav T Fechner and Herman von Helmholtz
- 19th century
- studying unconscious

Emil Kraepelin
- 19-20th century
- first DSM
- saw disconnect b/t lab findings/research and what’s happening in treatment

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7
Q

how was the first DSM organized?

A

classify: cause and course of disorder

establish benchmarks and easier to prove treatments are helping

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8
Q

3 psychologist-philosophers

A

arthur schopenhauer
- driven by blind, irrational fears
- The World as Will and Representation (1819)

carl gustav carus
- levels of unconscious that interact with others/role of the unconscious in communication

neitzsche
- we lie to ourselves more than we lie to others

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9
Q

biological sciences claim that the ____ and _____ can be separated when in reality they can’t

A

mind; body

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10
Q

epigenetics

A

study of gene expression that is altered by environment and input of stimuli coming in to us

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11
Q

bio-psycho-social approach

A

not separating these three components, understand how these components work together

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12
Q

cultural factors are a _____ influence in psychology

A

big

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13
Q

4 cultural factors in psychotherapy

A

demographics

culture

language shape experience

stigma

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14
Q

evidence-based treatment

A

what works, why it works and for whom it works

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15
Q

“theory of personality”

A

plain terms: what causes distress/why might someone develop distress?

continuum of health to illness

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16
Q

2 important questions when diagnosing

A

frequent or occasional?

interfering w/ function?

17
Q

with diagnosing, think about these features:

A

frequency
intensity
disruption
distress
clustering of symptoms

18
Q

can be more diversity with symptoms ______ group than _ groups

A

within; 2

19
Q

the DSM is an ________ document that _____ overtime

A

evolving; changes

20
Q

DSM is influenced by:

A

personal biases
cultural differences
determining how we handle new emergent disorders
socio-economic status
select group of authors/studied participants
mistakes (human error)

21
Q

_____ diagnoses can severely impact peoples’ lives

A

wrong

22
Q

say this instead of “minority groups”

A

marginalized/minoritized groups

23
Q

landmark study for homosexuality

A

evelyn hooker found no difference with people living straight or gay lives

24
Q

who spoke at 1972 APA convention in disguise due to fear or reputation being tarnished for sexuality?

A

John Freyer

25
Q

3 stages of changes for homosexuality in DSM

A
  1. reclassified homosexuality as “sexual orientation disturbance”
  2. diagnosis of “ego-dystonic homosexuality” in DSM III
    - gay = not disorder but disorder arises when you do not accept sexuality
  3. diagnosis replaced by “sexual disorder not otherwise specified”
26
Q

what is race?

A

constructed by people for a purpose

colonialism - creating in/out groups, basis was idea of hierarchy

The Great Chain of Being
- categorize all things into hierarchy

27
Q

race is a ______

A

construct

28
Q

problemitization with racism in early psychology

A

groups/individuals made into a problem for a study

reinforces there is a problem with out group that needs to be fixed

29
Q

eugenics with racism in early psychology

A

goal: creating superior races/white supremacy

forced sterilizations
- criteria: intellectual disability, based on IQ tests licensed psychologists can only administer
- IQ tests shown to measure differences in different groups measure exposure, not intelligence

example of pseudoscience

30
Q

pseudoscience

A

things presented as scientific but not actually

31
Q

fundamental belief for racism in early psychotherapy

A

people had natural state of enslavement

32
Q

2 disorders that used pseudoscience to justify slavery

A

drapetomania

diasthesia aethiopica

33
Q

drapetomania

A

run away slave disorder/urge to run away

treatment: physical punishment

34
Q

diasthesia aethiopica

A

disorder of poor work ethic

treatment: physical punishment

35
Q

institutionalization: racism in early psychotherapy

A

late 1860’s, first institution segregated forming Jim Crow

black patients forced into labor

fake disorders to continue institutionalization

36
Q

racism in modern psychotherapy

A

psychiatric diagnoses used to combat civil rights movement
- took existing diagnoses and changed how they applied them
- ex. schizophrenia: went from being applied to white house wives to black men as “protest psychosis” (delusional anti-whiteness after listening to groups, needed treatment for this)

37
Q

deinstitutionalization

A

closing institutions that used unfair black labor

made into prisons

systematic –> large % of prisons are black people

38
Q

anti-racism in psychology

A

Drs. Mamie Phipps Clark & Kenneth Clark Doll Study
- which doll is better, prettier, smarter, etc.
- found: white dolls are more positively received with black kids, evidence for internalized racism
- formed scientific basis for Brown v. Board of Ed

Psych 360 (21 decks)

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