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Psych 360 > Multicultural Theories > Flashcards

Multicultural Theories Flashcards

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1
Q

Freire’s education for the oppressed model (1973)

A

exists to recreate culture/maintains status quo

develop critical consciousness of how they engage with systems and work towards changing them

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2
Q

reevaluation counseling (1998)

A

individuals listen to each other to recover from effects of racism, classism, sexism, and other types of oppression

co-counseling (listen and give advise to each other)

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3
Q

terms influenced by culture

A

beliefs

emotions

behaviors

attitudes

expectations

treatment selection

interpersonal style

treatment response

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4
Q

stages of minority identity development

A
  1. conformity
  2. dissonance
  3. resistance-immersion
  4. introspection
  5. synergistic

some stages cause more distress than others, not everyone experiences all stages!

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5
Q

stages of minority identity development: conformity

A

role models come from dominant group

see internalized racism

opportunity for distress

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6
Q

stages of minority identity development: dissonance

A

begin to question the dominant groups values

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7
Q

stages of minority identity development: resistance-immersion

A

shift in thinking/aligning with minority groups’ beliefs

getting rid of internalized racism

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8
Q

stages of minority identity development: introspection

A

develop flexibility to establish identity without conforming to all cultural norms

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9
Q

stages of minority identity development: synergistic

A

we fell self-fulfilled on who we are without categorizing one culture or another

take beliefs from different culture to make your own

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10
Q

stages of white american identity development

A
  1. contact (“I don’t see color”)
  2. disintegration (prejudice)
  3. reintegration
  4. pseudo-independence
  5. autonomy (respect and appreciate)
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11
Q

stages of sexual orientation identity development

A
  1. confusion
    -distress
  2. comparison
    - start to accept but not fully claiming identity
  3. tolerance
  4. acceptance
    - increase contact with other sexual minorities
  5. pride
    - proudly stand to say I prefer to be the way I am
  6. synthesis
    - reach out to other side/hetero’s to help them understand my culture
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12
Q

worldviews

A

define what it is to be a person

help therapist recognize behaviors

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13
Q

2 types of worldviews

A

collectivistic
- define personhood in relation to other people
- connected to relationships with others, main goal to maintain
- emphasis on interdependence

individualistic
- define people based on own attributes
- less emphasis on relationships, more on individual success
- competition (USA/americans are viewed this way)

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14
Q

intersectionality and ADDRESSING framework

A

more than one identity:

Age
Developmental
Disabilities (acquired)
Religion
Ethnicity
Socioeconomic status
Sexual orientation
Indigenous heritage
National origin
Gender

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15
Q

stakeholder input

A

input who would be patients in potential treatment

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16
Q

cultural adaption for therapy

A

involve diverse people in development

include collectivistic values

attend to religion

pay attention to relevance of acculturation

acknowledge effects of oppression on minoritized groups

17
Q

cultural competence

A

set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that reflect an understanding in cultural and socio-political influences that effect worldviews and related health behaviors

18
Q

cultural destructiveness

A

1

actively engaged in policies/behaviors that are actively harming other cultures

rare but exists

ex. conversion therapy

19
Q

cultural incapacity

A

2

paternalistic way of looking at minority groups

believe in hierarchy

20
Q

cultural blindness

A

3

culture makes no difference

major culture is most acceptable

21
Q

cultural pre-competence

A

4

desire to provide ethical and fair treatment but don’t have resources to do so

22
Q

cultural competence (stage)

A

5

have genuine values, resources and appreciation for culture and congruent set of behaviors and values that align

culture matters and can influence/shape world and ways we experience distress

23
Q

cultural competence (2 types)

A

ethnocentric
- typically held by members of dominate culture
- “my culture is universal”
- seeks to deny that others exist

ethnorelative
- value cultural differences and shift perspectives to understand other view points
- how they define themselves in terms of other cultures as well

24
Q

goals of multicultural therapy

A

address cultural trauma

experience is valuable knowledge

healing results from:
- empowerment
- sharing multiple perspectives
- anchored in meaningful and relevant contexts

25
Q

therapeutic alliance in multicultural therapy

A

recognize client’s expectation for therapists role (KEY)

respond according to client’s needs

work towards cultural congruence in worldviews

26
Q

steps of multicultural assessment

A
  1. explanatory model of distress
    - ask people “why do you think this is happening to you/feel this way?”
    - shows what is normal in cultures
  2. cultural formulation and analysis
  3. cultural genogram
    - understanding more family history, go back generations to try to understand context of culture/identify trauma
  4. ethnocultural assessment
    - how one views own culture
27
Q

cultural empathy

A

learned ability to understand experiences of culturally diverse individuals
- informed by cultural knowledge and interpretation
-empathic witness (working to affirm your experiences/reality)

28
Q

steps of dialogue on cultural differences and similarities

A
  1. suspend
    - suspend preconceptions/stereotypes (remember more variability within than between groups)
  2. recognize
    - recognize clients may be different from other members of their group
  3. consider
    - consider how client-therapist differences may affect therapy (mindful of pitfalls and how to capitalize on them, cultural transference/counter-transference)
  4. acknowledge
    - acknowledge that power, privilege, and oppression might affect interactions
29
Q

how did the therapist start the session with Annie?

A

“What were your hopes for coming?”

30
Q

interethnic transference

A

different cultures between therapist and client

client –> therapist, views therapist through their schemas

wants to trust therapist but years of oppression stands in way

overcompliance, mistrust, denial, ambivalence

31
Q

intraethnic transference

A

same culture between therapist and client

views therapist as omniscient or omnipotent(because of same identity, client thinks therapist as all knowing)

traitor (betrayal of culture)

autoracist (projection of internalized racism)

32
Q

interethnic countertransference

A

therapist –> patient, different cultures

deny cultural differences, become overly curious about differences at the expense of psychological needs, guilt or pity

33
Q

intraethnic countertransference

A

therapist –> patient, same culture

overidentification (seeing your experiences in patient can cloud judgement/make job hard)

shared victimization

distancing (therapist trying too hard to not see themselves as patient)

survivor’s guilt

cultural myopia (can’t see clearly)

34
Q

mechanisms of multicultural therapy

A

cultural consciousness
- reaffirmation of minoritized culture

develop resilience

meaning making

manage cultural trauma

35
Q

does multicultural therapy have a high or low evidence base?

A

low; but culturally competent therapists are seen to enhance client satisfaction with treatment

36
Q

4 remaining questions for multicultural therapy

A

what are the effects of language?

what are the ethnic and cultural contexts of therapist self-disclosure?

what are the effects of cultural resilience on mental health?

what kinds of treatments work best for which clients?

Psych 360 (27 decks)

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