Chapter 6 Textbook Questions

Question 1

Unlike talking therapies, behavioral therapy

often requires sustained patient “self-help” between sessions and after therapy has ended

aims to help patients “unlearn” unwanted emotions

coerces patients into performing dreaded actions by threatening to terminate therapy

regards the personal interactions of therapist and patient as unimportant

Answer 1

often requires sustained patient “self-help” between sessions and after therapy has ended

Question 2

The behavioral understanding of personality

accepts the “five-factor model” of core personality without further classifications within each factor

rejects the idea that “traits” can be used to predict behavior with high confidence

accepts the idea that “temperament” is more important than “environment” in determining behavior

is based on Gordon Allport’s inventory of 254 English words describing personality traits

Answer 2

rejects the idea that “traits” can be used to predict behavior with high confidence

Question 3

Today, behavioral therapies are

considered unacceptable for cross-cultural and intercultural treatments

becoming less effective as they depend more and more on the self-discipline of the client

dominated bu the Freudian hydraulic model of functioning

among the most widely used approaches for managing psychological and behavioral problems

Answer 3

among the most widely used approaches for managing psychological and behavioral problems

Question 4

The fundamental goal(s) of behavior therapy is/are to

change both the environmental influences on the individual and her or his responses

enable the individual to better control her or his environment

change individual responses to the environment to improve individual real-world behavior

change individual behavior to lessen intrapsychic conflict

Answer 4

change both the environmental influences on the individual and her or his responses

Question 5

The case of “Simon” reveals that

although his anxiety levels did not decrease significantly with treatment, he gained the ability to function with modest success in most social situations

Simon’s wife had enables his social anxiety disorder by limiting her own social activities, so she was also in need of therapy

“reduction of safety behaviors” should never be undertaken until “social-skills training” is complete

Simon’s recovery really began when he learned that his own thoughts vastly overestimated his probability of embarrassment in social situations and that alternative interpretations eased his anxiety

Answer 5

Simon’s recovery really began when he learned that his own thoughts vastly overestimated his probability of embarrassment in social situations and that alternative interpretations eased his anxiety

Question 6

John B. Watson

held that “emotions” did not exist

disputed the “scientist-practitioner” model of training

invented operant conditioning

believed that only observable behavior could be studied scientifically

Answer 6

believed that only observable behavior could be studied scientifically

Question 7

Behavior therapy

requires clearly defined behavioral goals from the beginning and is terminated when those are met, regardless of the patient’s desires or other problems

may involve group sessions in which the therapist and group “gang up on” a member who is not showing sufficient commitment or progress

is open ended but also expects quick, measurable results

expects patients or clients to continue their self-help indefinitely as needed after therapy ends

Answer 7

expects patients or clients to continue their self-help indefinitely as needed after therapy ends

Question 8

Operant conditioning

defines “extinction” as forgetting one’s previous thoughts or behaviors

was developed by Abraham Maslow

modifies behavior by changing the consequences of that behavior

holds that “reinforcement” should always be positive

Answer 8

modifies behavior by changing the consequences of that behavior

Question 8

Behavior therapy

encourages dependence on the therapist

is fundamentally nondirective

is rooted in empiricism

requires an intense relationship between therapist and client

Answer 8

is rooted in empiricism

Question 9

Behavioral therapy can be effective in schizophrenia

only when no antipsychotic medications are taken

for training in social skills and contingency management

primarily in controlled environments such as in-patient hospitals

if the patient enters group therapy with nonschizophrenic group members

Answer 9

for training in social skills and contingency management