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Psych 360 > Behavior Therapy > Flashcards

Behavior Therapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Operant conditioning

A

assumes behavior is controlled by the environment

reinforcement and punishment

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2
Q

reinforcement

A

meant to increase the likelihood of behavior

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3
Q

punishment

A

meant to decrease the likelihood of behavior

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4
Q

what theory does operant conditioning embody?

A

S-R theory (stimulus in environment causes a response from the organism)

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5
Q

classical conditioning

A

a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response through repeated pairing with another stimulus

ex. Pavlov’s dog, pairing bell (neutral) with food (conditioned) for salivation (response)

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6
Q

Bell and Pad treatment for bed-wetting

A

wake up when wet bed, meant to teach children to be woken up when they feel the need to pee

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7
Q

theory of personality for BT

A

behavior is explained in terms of variables in the environment

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8
Q

how does the theory of personality of BT differ from other theories?

A

behaviorist’s aren’t worried with what’s happening in the brain but what is happening in the environment

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9
Q

3 things involved with theory of personality in BT

A

learning

situational cues
- what is happening immediately in front of you, not past but present!

temperament
- biologically predisposition to certain modes of responding
- cannot change this! but can change how temperament is expressed

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10
Q

positive reinforcement

A

giving something to cause behavior to increase

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11
Q

negative reinforcement

A

taking something away to make behavior more likely

common examples of this is procrastination
- by not completing your work, you are taking away your fear and anxiety associated with it which makes you more likely to repeat this behavior

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12
Q

positive punishment

A

giving something (aversive usually) to decrease likelihood of behavior

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13
Q

negative punishment

A

take away (usually something that is wanted) to decrease likelihood of behavior

ex. take away a toy when a child misbehaves
ex. speeding ticket: taking away money (to pay ticket) to decrease the likelihood of you speeding again

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14
Q

operant conditioning: discrimination learning

A

behavior learned in context/environment that doesn’t generalize to another one

ex. well sleep trained in home environment, but not well trained in another environment

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15
Q

operant conditioning: generalization

A

when behavior occurs beyond context/environment it was acquired (good for adaptive behaviors but bad for maladaptive ones)

ex. Little Albert was conditioned for a white, fluffy rabbit but generalized this fear for anything white and fluffy

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16
Q

vicarious learning/observational learning (other types of operant conditioning)

A

occurs when we witness behavior and reinforce/punish in someone else

ex. peer gets in trouble for talking when not supposed, makes you not talk

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17
Q

Rule-governed behavior/instructional learning (other types of operant conditioning)

A

learn about environment contingencies without observing experience

ex. You probably haven’t seen someone get hit by a car, rather been told to avoid/learn to avoid it/look both ways before crossing street

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18
Q

how can operant conditioning be a source of distress?

A

maladaptive learned behaviors

adaptive learned behaviors do not generalize

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19
Q

maladaptive learned behaviors

A

procrastination
- negative reinforcement, learned

tantrums
- response to these/to stop will be done through reinforcement (ex. tantrum in target = toy), will increase behavior/be reinforced

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20
Q

classical conditioning as a source of distress

A

conditioning can give rise to maladapting behaviors

develop maladaptive habits

maintain maladaptive behaviors through cues in the environment
- ex. smokers smoke in car, causing car to be neutral stimulus that becomes a conditioned one to smoke

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21
Q

theory of psychotherapy for BT

A

change behavior by manipulating environment with adaptive learning process

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22
Q

goals of behavior therapy

A

change behavior!

correct maladaptive learning experiences and introduce adaptive learning

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23
Q

therapeutic style for BT

A

directive and transparent
- step-by-step instructions accompanied by clear rationale/so client knows why they are being asked to do certain things

therapeutic relationship
- not emphasized in traditional behaviorism but now known to bolster motivation

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24
Q

extinction (classical conditioning)

A

breaking pair between neutral and conditioned stimulus

25
Q

exposure (with response prevention) (classical conditioning)

A

expose to stimulus and prevent response from taking place

ex. coffee = smoking, try to have coffee without smoking

26
Q

extinction (operant conditioning)

A

what happens when you stop reinforcing behavior

ex. stop comforting child when they are crying

27
Q

shaping (operant conditioning)

A

don’t expect to receive exact behavior right away but shape it overtime with steps

28
Q

stimulus control (classical conditioning)

A

control stimuli in environment to not allow response to take place/change stimuli

ex. smoke sitting in same spot and drinking the same coffee, therapist will ask you to change setting (mug, location, type of coffee, etc.)

ex. smoking in car, therapist will ask you to detail your car so it doesn’t smell like smoke and take another route to work so you aren’t mindlessly driving

29
Q

desired behavior can be handled with –>

unwanted behavior can be handled with –>

A

reinforcement

punishment or no reinforcement

30
Q

which is better: reinforcement or punishment

A

reinforcement!! punishment works poorly for changing behavior

31
Q

treatment structure for BT

A

treatment sessions

course of treatment
- planned from start, explicit goal is for them to leave therapy

after treatment
- client learns lasting skills to maintain behavior change long term (become their own therapist!)

32
Q

how does treatment structure in BT differ from other theories?

A

will take place in real-world environment settings since BT believes the environment controls behavior, so you need environment to change behavior

will differ in time, time-limited sessions as goal is to leave therapy ASAP (similar to REBT)

33
Q

behavioral excess in BT

A

behaviors that we would like to decrease or eliminate

maladaptive behaviors

34
Q

behavioral deficits in BT

A

behaviors not taking place/not frequent enough, need to introduce or increase them

adaptive behaviors

35
Q

3 characteristics in behavioral assessment

A

identify target behaviors to be treated

consider information sources

functional analysis

36
Q

ABC in functional analysis vs ABC in REBT

A

FA:
A: antecedent
B: behavior
C: consequence

REBT:
A: activating event
B: belief
C: consequence

37
Q

methods of psychotherapy for BT

A

set treatment goals
- specific, measurable in terms of behavior

select appropriate treatment
- based on functional analysis

develop treatment contract
- literally a piece of paper that lays all that therapy will entail (ex. expectations/what is expected of client, if you miss 3 sessions you will no longer be a patient)
- maintains transparency in relationship

38
Q

reinforcement based procedures in BT

A

differential reinforcement

token economy

contingency management

39
Q

differential reinforcement in BT

A

unwanted behavior is extinct (no reinforcement for this behavior) and at the same time identify wanted behavior to take its place and reinforce wanted behavior

ex. toddler lays down, walk away and if they use their words then positively reinforce this

40
Q

token economy with BT

A

positive reinforcement

someone receives tokens (ex. stickers, marbles, etc.), these tokens themselves isn’t reinforcing but if after 10 marbles = gift card

what you turn tokens in for = direct reinforcement

41
Q

contingency management for BT

A

direct reinforcement, skipping token stage in token economy

ex. deal with difficult client, after you can treat yourself with favorite mint

ex. substance abuse: pay people $ when they have clean screen for substance

42
Q

punishment based procedures

A

aversive conditioning
- give punishment in response to behavior, make punishment more aversive than behavior

ex. substance abuse ex. given meds that make you ill if you have alcohol

less effective

43
Q

exposure-based treatment for BT

A

gold-standard for fear and anxiety based disorder

in-vivo
- exposure to feared stimuli in real life (homework is given)

imaginal
- exposure through imaginary images, thinking about feared situation

interoceptive
- exposure of feared bodily experiences, have them exposed to you

44
Q

in-vivo and imaginal treatment combined =

A

hierarchical

imagined = low on hierarchy

ex. thinking of a spider then
seeing a spider then
vacuuming a spider then
killing a spider with tissue then
letting spider be

45
Q

interoceptive treatment example

A

panic attack while driving, gradually work up to driving again and educate client of how this wasn’t probably the main cause

46
Q

what do therapists do before exposure based treatment?

A

do whatever they are asking the client to do first, part of transparency and trust in relationship

47
Q

response prevention

A

safety behaviors undermine exposure

help avoid exposure

ex. dissociating/not fully feeling fear, therapist will talk to client about what is happening and make them talk back to her to fully live in the moment

48
Q

how do we stimulus control in BT

A

control
- control stimuli in the environment

extinguish
- extinguish stimuli with inappropriate control

develop
- develop adaptive conditioning

49
Q

stimulus control for insomnia (example)

A

extinguish inappropriate conditioning
- bed used only for sleep and sex
- if you can’t sleep get out of bed

condition appropriate stimuli
- set consistent sleep/wake times
- avoid napping
- establish consistent bed-time routine

50
Q

relaxation training helps trigger the …

A

parasympathetic nervous system

with:
diaphragmatic breathing, guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation

51
Q

more recent conceptualizations in BT have begun to acknowledge …

A

cognition

52
Q

poor treatment compliance in BT is associated with…

A

worse outcomes

53
Q

what can BT be used for

A

anxiety disorders
depression
substance-use disorders
schizophrenia

54
Q

evidence base for BT: BT is considered as the “_____ ________” for phobia and anxiety

A

gold standard

55
Q

core principles are assumed transcend …

A

cultures

56
Q

what can vary from culture to culture in BT?

A

contingencies

57
Q

culture can affect what 3 things

A

therapeutic relationship

client perceptions

treatment engagement

58
Q

therapists must what (in regards to culture in BT)

A

think about culture as environment

learn about culture through a variety of sources

be aware of own biases and patient’s reaction

Psych 360 (27 decks)

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