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Behavior Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Operant conditioning

A

assumes behavior is controlled by the environment

reinforcement and punishment

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2
Q

reinforcement

A

meant to increase the likelihood of behavior

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3
Q

punishment

A

meant to decrease the likelihood of behavior

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4
Q

what theory does operant conditioning embody?

A

S-R theory (stimulus in environment causes a response from the organism)

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5
Q

classical conditioning

A

a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response through repeated pairing with another stimulus

ex. Pavlov’s dog, pairing bell (neutral) with food (conditioned) for salivation (response)

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6
Q

Bell and Pad treatment for bed-wetting

A

wake up when wet bed, meant to teach children to be woken up when they feel the need to pee

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7
Q

theory of personality for BT

A

behavior is explained in terms of variables in the environment

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8
Q

how does the theory of personality of BT differ from other theories?

A

behaviorist’s aren’t worried with what’s happening in the brain but what is happening in the environment

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9
Q

3 things involved with theory of personality in BT

A

learning

situational cues
- what is happening immediately in front of you, not past but present!

temperament
- biologically predisposition to certain modes of responding
- cannot change this! but can change how temperament is expressed

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10
Q

positive reinforcement

A

giving something to cause behavior to increase

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11
Q

negative reinforcement

A

taking something away to make behavior more likely

common examples of this is procrastination
- by not completing your work, you are taking away your fear and anxiety associated with it which makes you more likely to repeat this behavior

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12
Q

positive punishment

A

giving something (aversive usually) to decrease likelihood of behavior

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13
Q

negative punishment

A

take away (usually something that is wanted) to decrease likelihood of behavior

ex. take away a toy when a child misbehaves
ex. speeding ticket: taking away money (to pay ticket) to decrease the likelihood of you speeding again

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14
Q

operant conditioning: discrimination learning

A

behavior learned in context/environment that doesn’t generalize to another one

ex. well sleep trained in home environment, but not well trained in another environment

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15
Q

operant conditioning: generalization

A

when behavior occurs beyond context/environment it was acquired (good for adaptive behaviors but bad for maladaptive ones)

ex. Little Albert was conditioned for a white, fluffy rabbit but generalized this fear for anything white and fluffy

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16
Q

vicarious learning/observational learning (other types of operant conditioning)

A

occurs when we witness behavior and reinforce/punish in someone else

ex. peer gets in trouble for talking when not supposed, makes you not talk

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17
Q

Rule-governed behavior/instructional learning (other types of operant conditioning)

A

learn about environment contingencies without observing experience

ex. You probably haven’t seen someone get hit by a car, rather been told to avoid/learn to avoid it/look both ways before crossing street

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18
Q

how can operant conditioning be a source of distress?

A

maladaptive learned behaviors

adaptive learned behaviors do not generalize

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19
Q

maladaptive learned behaviors

A

procrastination
- negative reinforcement, learned

tantrums
- response to these/to stop will be done through reinforcement (ex. tantrum in target = toy), will increase behavior/be reinforced

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20
Q

classical conditioning as a source of distress

A

conditioning can give rise to maladapting behaviors

develop maladaptive habits

maintain maladaptive behaviors through cues in the environment
- ex. smokers smoke in car, causing car to be neutral stimulus that becomes a conditioned one to smoke

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21
Q

theory of psychotherapy for BT

A

change behavior by manipulating environment with adaptive learning process

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22
Q

goals of behavior therapy

A

change behavior!

correct maladaptive learning experiences and introduce adaptive learning

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23
Q

therapeutic style for BT

A

directive and transparent
- step-by-step instructions accompanied by clear rationale/so client knows why they are being asked to do certain things

therapeutic relationship
- not emphasized in traditional behaviorism but now known to bolster motivation

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24
Q

extinction (classical conditioning)

A

breaking pair between neutral and conditioned stimulus

25
exposure (with response prevention) (classical conditioning)
expose to stimulus and prevent response from taking place ex. coffee = smoking, try to have coffee without smoking
26
extinction (operant conditioning)
what happens when you stop reinforcing behavior ex. stop comforting child when they are crying
27
shaping (operant conditioning)
don't expect to receive exact behavior right away but shape it overtime with steps
28
stimulus control (classical conditioning)
control stimuli in environment to not allow response to take place/change stimuli ex. smoke sitting in same spot and drinking the same coffee, therapist will ask you to change setting (mug, location, type of coffee, etc.) ex. smoking in car, therapist will ask you to detail your car so it doesn't smell like smoke and take another route to work so you aren't mindlessly driving
29
desired behavior can be handled with --> unwanted behavior can be handled with -->
reinforcement punishment or no reinforcement
30
which is better: reinforcement or punishment
reinforcement!! punishment works poorly for changing behavior
31
treatment structure for BT
treatment sessions course of treatment - planned from start, explicit goal is for them to leave therapy after treatment - client learns lasting skills to maintain behavior change long term (become their own therapist!)
32
how does treatment structure in BT differ from other theories?
will take place in real-world environment settings since BT believes the environment controls behavior, so you need environment to change behavior will differ in time, time-limited sessions as goal is to leave therapy ASAP (similar to REBT)
33
behavioral excess in BT
behaviors that we would like to decrease or eliminate maladaptive behaviors
34
behavioral deficits in BT
behaviors not taking place/not frequent enough, need to introduce or increase them adaptive behaviors
35
3 characteristics in behavioral assessment
identify target behaviors to be treated consider information sources functional analysis
36
ABC in functional analysis vs ABC in REBT
FA: A: antecedent B: behavior C: consequence REBT: A: activating event B: belief C: consequence
37
methods of psychotherapy for BT
**set** treatment goals - specific, measurable in terms of behavior **select** appropriate treatment - based on functional analysis **develop** treatment contract - literally a piece of paper that lays all that therapy will entail (ex. expectations/what is expected of client, if you miss 3 sessions you will no longer be a patient) - maintains transparency in relationship
38
reinforcement based procedures in BT
differential reinforcement token economy contingency management
39
differential reinforcement in BT
unwanted behavior is extinct (no reinforcement for this behavior) and at the same time identify wanted behavior to take its place and reinforce wanted behavior ex. toddler lays down, walk away and if they use their words then positively reinforce this
40
token economy with BT
positive reinforcement someone receives tokens (ex. stickers, marbles, etc.), these tokens themselves isn't reinforcing but if after 10 marbles = gift card what you turn tokens in for = direct reinforcement
41
contingency management for BT
direct reinforcement, skipping token stage in token economy ex. deal with difficult client, after you can treat yourself with favorite mint ex. substance abuse: pay people $ when they have clean screen for substance
42
punishment based procedures
aversive conditioning - give punishment in response to behavior, make punishment more aversive than behavior ex. substance abuse ex. given meds that make you ill if you have alcohol less effective
43
exposure-based treatment for BT
gold-standard for fear and anxiety based disorder in-vivo - exposure to feared stimuli in real life (homework is given) imaginal - exposure through imaginary images, thinking about feared situation interoceptive - exposure of feared bodily experiences, have them exposed to you
44
in-vivo and imaginal treatment combined =
hierarchical imagined = low on hierarchy ex. thinking of a spider then seeing a spider then vacuuming a spider then killing a spider with tissue then letting spider be
45
interoceptive treatment example
panic attack while driving, gradually work up to driving again and educate client of how this wasn't probably the main cause
46
what do therapists do before exposure based treatment?
do whatever they are asking the client to do first, part of transparency and trust in relationship
47
response prevention
safety behaviors undermine exposure help avoid exposure ex. dissociating/not fully feeling fear, therapist will talk to client about what is happening and make them talk back to her to fully live in the moment
48
how do we stimulus control in BT
control - control stimuli in the environment extinguish - extinguish stimuli with inappropriate control develop - develop adaptive conditioning
49
stimulus control for insomnia (example)
extinguish inappropriate conditioning - bed used only for sleep and sex - if you can't sleep get out of bed condition appropriate stimuli - set consistent sleep/wake times - avoid napping - establish consistent bed-time routine
50
relaxation training helps trigger the ...
parasympathetic nervous system with: diaphragmatic breathing, guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation
51
more recent conceptualizations in BT have begun to acknowledge ...
cognition
52
poor treatment compliance in BT is associated with...
worse outcomes
53
what can BT be used for
anxiety disorders depression substance-use disorders schizophrenia
54
evidence base for BT: BT is considered as the "_____ ________" for phobia and anxiety
gold standard
55
core principles are assumed transcend ...
cultures
56
what can vary from culture to culture in BT?
contingencies
57
culture can affect what 3 things
therapeutic relationship client perceptions treatment engagement
58
therapists must what (in regards to culture in BT)
think about culture as environment learn about culture through a variety of sources be aware of own biases and patient's reaction

Psych 360 (27 decks)

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