Psychoactive substances Flashcards
CNS – stimulants (Psychoactive substances)
Drugs that stimulates the _________
Psychomotor –______,_________, decrease feeling of _______ and increased ————
Psychotomimetic – ________, changes in ________ and ______- little effect on the ________ and ________
central nervous system
excitement, euphoria; fatigue; motor activity
hallucinogens; thoughts and mood ; brainstem and spinal cord
Psychostimulants
List 5
Cocaine
Amphetamine
Methylxanthines
Methylphenidate
Modafinil Varenicline
Methylxanthines – list 3
theophylline, theobromine, caffeine
Psychotomimetics/Hallucinogens
__________________ (LSD)
______________
__________________ (PCP)
_________________ (THC)
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Dronabinol
Phenylcyclidine (PCP) Teterahydrocannabinol (THC)
Amphetamines
Include amphetamines (_______), ——— (______), —————- (________ or _____), ________________ (_______ )
MOA – Release ______ (_____ and ________ from nerve terminals in the brain).
Compete with ________ transporter (_____) and ———— transporter (_____) for the neurotransmitters
________ with prolonged used – causing degeneration of amine- containing nerve terminals due to ______________________________in the nerve terminals.
speed
dextroamphetamines (dexies)
methamphetamines (crystal meth or ice)
methylphenidate (Ritalin)
monoamines ; dopamine and noradrenaline
norepinephrine transporter (NET) ; serotonin transporter (SERT)
Neurotoxic
the accumulation of metabolites
Amphetamines
Include amphetamines (speed), dextroamphetamines (dexies), methamphetamines (crystal meth or ice), methylphenidate (Ritalin)
MOA – Release monoamines (dopamine and noradrenaline from nerve terminals in the brain). Compete with norepinephrine transporter (NET) and serotonin transporter (SERT) for the neurotransmitters
Neurotoxic with prolonged used – causing degeneration of amine- containing nerve terminals due to the accumulation of metabolites in the nerve terminals.
Pharmacological effects of Amphetamine?
Locomotor stimulation – reduced _______ in stressful situation but not in ____________
Improved mental performance for ________ not for _______
Euphoria and excitement – Intense, confident, hyperactive, talkative and _____eased sex drive.
_________
_____eased stamina
Anorexia – tolerance develops here
fatigue; well rested individuals.
Improved; simple tasks; difficult tasks
incr; Insomnia
Incr
Pharmacokinetics of Amphetamines
__________ absorbed from the GIT, Snorted, injected or smoked
________ penetrates blood –brain barrier
Excreted unchanged
Readily
Readily
Clinical use of Amphetamines
________________ disorder – low dose methylphenidate
__________-modafinil
_________ suppression
Attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder
Narcolepsy
Appetite
Clinical use of Amphetamines
Attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder – (low or high?) dose _____________
Narcolepsy-_________
Appetite ___________
low dose methylphenidate
modafinil
suppression
Adverse effects of Amphetamines
Anxiety ,irritability and restlessness as the body __________________________.
P_______, P__________
Amphetamine __________ with chronic use
_____________ to euphoria and anorexia while others develop more slowly
___________ – as a consequence of unpleasant sensation from stopping the drug
Cerebral haemorrhage from ___________________
energy stores run down.
Panic, paranoia
psychosis
Tolerance ; Dependence
hypertensive crises
Cocaine
Similar mechanism of action to ____________
Actions also similar – but less likely to produce ________,_________,_______, and __________
________cardia, _______tension
Psychological __________.
It is a ________ anaesthetic
___________ adverse effects
amphetamines
stereotyped behaviours, delusions, hallucinations and paranoia
Tacchycardia ; hypertension
dependence ; Topical
Cardiovascular
Methylxanthines
_________ and _________ belong to this group
Present in _________, _________, _________ and _________
Caffeine and theophylline
tea, cocoa, cola and coffee
Methylxanthines
Pharmacological effects –
CNS stimulation- _______ fatigue, _______ concentration and an increase in the ______ of mental and physical tasks.
Mental tasks are __________ with higher doses. Insomnia.
__________ and __________ occurs less compared to other stimulants
(Minimal or Maximal?) withdrawal effects
__________, stimulation of __________ muscles, relaxation of __________ muscle especially __________ muscles
reduced ;improved
speed ; impaired
Tolerance ; habituation
Minimal; Diuresis
cardiac muscles ; smooth muscle
bronchial muscles
Methylxanthine
Mechanism of action
Main action through ___________ receptor antagonism
Also acts on ___________ receptors
Inhibits ___________, responsible for the cellular metabolism of cAMP. Thus increasing cAMP. Sympatho ___________ effect.
Sensitizes ___________ receptors at high doses.
adenosine A2
A1
phosphodiesterase
Sympathomimetic effect.
ryanodine
