Drug used in Ischemic heart Disease

Question 1

Cardiovascular disease

CVDs are the number ____ cause of death globally.

Answer 1

1

Question 2

more people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause.

T/F

Answer 2

T

Question 3

An estimated 17.5 million people died from CVDs in 2012, representing 31% of all global deaths.
By 2030, 23.6 million people will probably die of CVD.
Most of the death will occur in ____________-income countries.

Answer 3

low- and middle

Question 4

In Nigeria, Prevalence of HTN is about ___%.

Answer 4

35

Question 5

HTN is a major risk factor for CVD.

T/F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

ANGINA PECTORIS

Angina pectoris refers to a strangling or pressure like pain caused by ________

Answer 6

cardiac ischaemia.

Question 7

Angina

It’s a _____ syndrome due to induction of an adverse oxygen supply / demand situation in portion of myocardium.

Answer 7

pain

Question 8

Drugs used to treat angina exploit two main strategies:

reduction of _______ and

increase of the ___________

Answer 8

oxygen demand

oxygen delivery to myocardium.

Question 9

Three types of anginal attack: ______ angina, ______ angina and ______ angina.

Answer 9

stable; unstable; variant

Question 10

Drugs Used in Angina

______ are the 1st-line drugs , leading to ___________, especially in the ______ by acting on vascular smooth muscle that involves the formation of _____ and [______]cyto.

Answer 10

Nitrates

peripheral vasodilation; veins

NO; cGMP

Question 11

Nitrates

Short-acting nitrates:

_____________(GTN)

Answer 11

Glycerol trinitrate

Question 12

Nitrates
Short-acting nitrates:

Glycerol trinitrate (GTN) (sl, _____, or ______) acts for ~ ______

-More useful in _________ than in ___________

Answer 12

tablet; spray

30 min.

preventing attacks; stopping them once they have begun.

Question 13

Nitrates
Short-acting nitrates:
Glycerol trinitrate (GTN)

-Patches (transdermal) have (shorter or longer?) duration of action (~____).

Answer 13

Longer

24 hr

Question 14

Nitrates

Long-acting nitrates:

are (more or less?) stable and effective for ________

Answer 14

More

several hr.

Question 15

Nitrates
Long-acting nitrates:

___________ is widely used, but _____________

Answer 15

Isosorbide dinitrate; metabolized rapidly by liver.

Question 16

Nitrates
Long-acting nitrates:

Isosorbide dinitrate:

____________ (active metabolite) of dinitrate avoids the ________ and unpredictable ________ of the dinitrate.

Answer 16

Isosorbide mononitrate

variable absorption

1st pass metabolism

Question 17

Nitrates- Adverse effects:

___________ leading to headaches, hypotension and fainting, and in severe cases, reflex tachycardia.

• Can be counteracted with ______
• Prolonged high doses can lead to __________.

Answer 17

Aterial dilation

β-blockers.

methemaglobinemia

Question 18

Nitrates- Adverse effects:

Mechamism of action: Starts with _____________

Answer 18

formation of nitrite ions

Question 19

Nitrates

Tolerance to nitrates rarely occurs

Tolerance to nitrates is poorly understood.

Answer 19

F (Tolerance to nitrates occurs regularly),

T(Tolerance to nitrates is poorly understood)

Question 20

Nitrates

In Tolerance to nitrates

perhaps depletion of _________ group donors may be involved, because
tolerance to nitrates in vitro can sometimes be reversed by ____________. -

Answer 20

sulphydral

N-acetylcysteine

Question 21

Nitrates

__________ formed from NO inhibits ______ formation from GTP.

Answer 21

Peroxynitrite

Question 22

All β-blockers must be avoided in asthmatics

T/F

With reason

Answer 22

T

as they may precipitate bronchospasms.

Question 23

Beta blockers are used as angina prophylaxis

T/F

Answer 23

T