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House Pharmacology > Centrally acting muscle relaxant > Flashcards

Centrally acting muscle relaxant Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle spasm

• A (gradual or sudden?) (violent or non-violent?) (voluntary or involuntary?) (contraction or relaxation?) of muscles group

A

Sudden ; violent

involuntary contraction

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2
Q

Muscle spasm

• Spasms could result from ______calcemia, ___________, ________ syndrome or ______

A

hypo; hypokalemia or hyperkalemia

chronic pain

epilepsy

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3
Q

Muscle spasm

• In spasm, blood vessels __________, muscle ________ and becomes a ___________ mass, rather than normally contracting and relaxing in quick succession

A

constrict

freezes in contraction

hard knotty

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4
Q

Muscle spasm

• tonic spasm characterized unusually _________ and _____ muscular contraction, with relaxation occurring _______

• Clonic spasm, ______ of affected muscles occur repeatedly, forcibly and quick succession and _______ relaxation

A

prolonged; strong; slowly

contraction

frequent

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5
Q

Spasticity

• It is a condition in which certain muscles are continually _________

• Causing ______ or _______ of muscles, may affect gait, movement/speech

A

contracted

stiffness or tightness

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6
Q

Spasticity

• It may be associated with spinal cord injury, MS, cerebral palsy, anoxic brain damage (CVA), brain trauma, metabolic dx (PKU)

• The degree of spasticity varies from ______________ to ___________________

A

mild muscle stiffness

severe, painful and uncontrollable muscle spasms

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7
Q

A muscle relaxant

A muscle relaxant is a drug which affects ___________ function and decreases the _________.

It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as _______, pain, and ___reflexia.

A

skeletal muscle

muscle tone.

muscle spasms;

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8
Q

The term “muscle relaxant” is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups:

___________ and ________

A

neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics.

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9
Q

Neuromuscular blockers act by _______________ at the neuromuscular end plate and have _______ central nervous system (CNS) activity.

A

interfering with transmission

no

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10
Q

Neuromuscular blockers

They are often used during ____ procedures and in _______ and emergency medicine to cause ________.

A

surgical; intensive care

paralysis

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11
Q

Spasmolytics, also known as “__________” muscle relaxants, are used to alleviate __________ and ________ and to reduce ______ in a variety of neurological conditions.

A

centrally acting

musculoskeletal pain and spasms

spasticity

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12
Q

Central Acting Muscle Relaxants

List 7

Only Used To Relieve:
_________

A

Methocarbamol
Cyclobenzaprine HCl
Chlorzoxazone
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Chlorphenesin Carbamate
Orphenadrine Citrate (Norgesic)
Metaxalone (Skelaxin)

Muscle Spasm

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13
Q

Baclofen

It relieves _________ (involuntary _________/ resistance to _________)

A

spinal spasticity

flexor and extensor spasms; passive movement

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14
Q

Baclofen

Indication : _____,______,_______

Not indication :_______ or _________, PD, HC

A

MS, cerebral palsy and traumatic injury to spinal cord

CVA or stroke

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15
Q

Baclofen

______ implanted ______ administration

A

Surgically

intrathecal

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16
Q

Baclofen

A derivative of ______, acts speficically at _____ end of the _________ motor neurons at (_______)Receptor to cause _______polarization

A

GABA; spinal

upper; GABAB

hyper

17
Q

Baclofen

Suppresses _______ and ______ Transmission

It reduces __________ activity underlying muscle _______, spasm and spasticity

Adverse effects : drowsiness, weakness, lightheadedness, headache, _____tension, confusion, insomnia, lethargy

A

Monosynaptic & Polysynaptic

excessive reflex ; hypertonia

hypo

18
Q

Tizanidine
an (oral or IV?) agent used to treat spasticity related to ________ pathology and _______

Structurally similar to ______

Used with caution in ______,_________. And __________

A

oral; spinal cord ; MS

clonidine

hypotension, liver and renal dx

19
Q

Tizanidine

CYP1A2 (inducer or inhibitor?)

Interact with _______,_______

Additive effect when combined with ________,__________, or ________

Adverse effect: _____tension, drowsiness

A

inhibitor

contraceptives, fluvoxamine

antihypertensives, alpha2 agonist or ethanol

hypo

20
Q

Gabapentin

It relieves spasticity associated with _____

Interact with ____ gated _____ channels to decrease _____ and spasticity

A

MS

voltage; calcium ; pain

21
Q

Gabapentin

______ administered and (slowly or rapidly?) absorbed

Highly ______ soluble, crosses ____ and widely distributed in CNS

Excreted (changed or unchanged?) in urine

Adverse effect: drowsiness, somnolence, nausea, fatigue

A

Orally; rapidly

lipid; bbb

unchanged

22
Q

Carisoprodol:

a _______ skeletal muscle relaxant of the ________ class

it produces all the effects associated with __________

It’s a prodrug, structurally and pharmacologically related to _______

A

centrally acting; carbamate

barbiturates; meprobamate

23
Q

Carisoprodol:

MOA=_________

its ________ effects contribute to its therapeutic and recreational use, are generally attributed to the actions of its primary metabolite, _____, at ________ receptors (_______)

A

remains unclear

sedative; meprobamate

GABAA; GABAAR

24
Q

Carisoprodol

It blocks _____ sensations from the nerves

Temporarily relieve pain from muscle pain, spasms, sprains, and strains. It is also used as an _____________.

A

pain

antidepressant

25
Q

Diazepam

relieves spasticity of _________, induce mild ________ and control seizure in status ________ patients

alleviates _____________, convulsion, and ______ related symptoms.

A

cerebral palsy; amnesia; epilepticus

acute alcohol withdrawal; anxiety

26
Q

Diazepam

It acts on the _________ and produced a temporary _____ effect on the user

Adverse effect: cardiorespiratory ________, drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy, somnolence

A

brain and nerves; calming

depression

27
Q

Cyclobenzaprine: used to treat muscle spasm and pain associated with _____________________

Metaloxone: relatively (weak or strong ?) muscle relaxants that produced (little or plenty?) side effects, It is used to relax muscle and lessen muscle pain and spasms.
Increased viability is impressed when ________

A

acute musculoskeletal conditions.

strong; little

taken with food.

28
Q

Methacarbamol: a central muscle relaxant used to treat skeletal spasm and helps to relax muscles and reduce muscle pains associated from _____,______, and ________

A

sprains, strains, and muscle stress.

29
Q

The most common side effects of muscle relaxants are:

____ changes: ———— or ________

Dizziness, drowsiness

_______ mouth

A

Vision

double vision or blurred vision

Dry

30
Q

Less common side effects of muscle relaxants such as stomach cramps or pain, nausea and vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, hiccups, confusion, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, flushed or red face, headache, heartburn, weakness, and sleep problems

Also may occur and do not need medical attention unless they do not go away or they interfere with normal activities.

T/F

A

T

T

31
Q

More serious side effects of muscle relaxants are not common, but may occur.

Anyone who experiences ____ problems, facial ———, fainting, unusually fast or unusually slow ______, fever, ______ in the chest, rash, itching, burning, ____, or_______ eyes, or
Unusual _______ or ________ after taking muscle relaxants should seek medical help

A

breathing; swelling; heartbeat

tightness

Red ; bloodshot

thoughts or dreams

32
Q

Peripherally acting spasmolytic

• Act through ________ on ________ fibres

• Do not interfere with ______ communication nor have _____ effects

• Adverse effect: slurred speech, muscle weakness, drowsiness, malaise, fatigue, seizures

A

direct action on skeletal muscle

neuromuscular; CNS

33
Q

Peripherally acting spasmolytic

• Dantrolene most used for acute treatment of _________________, hereditary —————, _________ , spasticity from _______ and ———- injuries, MS, _____ palsy and CVA

A

malignant hyperthermia (GA)

spastic paraplegia

heatstroke

spinal cord and cerebral

cerebral

34
Q

Peripherally acting spasmolytic

• Dantrolene reduces the _________ of skeletal muscle through a ____ effect on muscle cells, through reduction in _____________ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

A

force of contraction

direct

amount of Ca2+ released

House Pharmacology (50 decks)

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