Centrally acting muscle relaxant Flashcards
Muscle spasm
• A (gradual or sudden?) (violent or non-violent?) (voluntary or involuntary?) (contraction or relaxation?) of muscles group
Sudden ; violent
involuntary contraction
Muscle spasm
• Spasms could result from ______calcemia, ___________, ________ syndrome or ______
hypo; hypokalemia or hyperkalemia
chronic pain
epilepsy
Muscle spasm
• In spasm, blood vessels __________, muscle ________ and becomes a ___________ mass, rather than normally contracting and relaxing in quick succession
constrict
freezes in contraction
hard knotty
Muscle spasm
• tonic spasm characterized unusually _________ and _____ muscular contraction, with relaxation occurring _______
• Clonic spasm, ______ of affected muscles occur repeatedly, forcibly and quick succession and _______ relaxation
prolonged; strong; slowly
contraction
frequent
Spasticity
• It is a condition in which certain muscles are continually _________
• Causing ______ or _______ of muscles, may affect gait, movement/speech
contracted
stiffness or tightness
Spasticity
• It may be associated with spinal cord injury, MS, cerebral palsy, anoxic brain damage (CVA), brain trauma, metabolic dx (PKU)
• The degree of spasticity varies from ______________ to ___________________
mild muscle stiffness
severe, painful and uncontrollable muscle spasms
A muscle relaxant
A muscle relaxant is a drug which affects ___________ function and decreases the _________.
It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as _______, pain, and ___reflexia.
skeletal muscle
muscle tone.
muscle spasms;
The term “muscle relaxant” is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups:
___________ and ________
neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics.
Neuromuscular blockers act by _______________ at the neuromuscular end plate and have _______ central nervous system (CNS) activity.
interfering with transmission
no
Neuromuscular blockers
They are often used during ____ procedures and in _______ and emergency medicine to cause ________.
surgical; intensive care
paralysis
Spasmolytics, also known as “__________” muscle relaxants, are used to alleviate __________ and ________ and to reduce ______ in a variety of neurological conditions.
centrally acting
musculoskeletal pain and spasms
spasticity
Central Acting Muscle Relaxants
List 7
Only Used To Relieve:
_________
Methocarbamol
Cyclobenzaprine HCl
Chlorzoxazone
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Chlorphenesin Carbamate
Orphenadrine Citrate (Norgesic)
Metaxalone (Skelaxin)
Muscle Spasm
Baclofen
It relieves _________ (involuntary _________/ resistance to _________)
spinal spasticity
flexor and extensor spasms; passive movement
Baclofen
Indication : _____,______,_______
Not indication :_______ or _________, PD, HC
MS, cerebral palsy and traumatic injury to spinal cord
CVA or stroke
Baclofen
______ implanted ______ administration
Surgically
intrathecal
Baclofen
A derivative of ______, acts speficically at _____ end of the _________ motor neurons at (_______)Receptor to cause _______polarization
GABA; spinal
upper; GABAB
hyper
Baclofen
Suppresses _______ and ______ Transmission
It reduces __________ activity underlying muscle _______, spasm and spasticity
Adverse effects : drowsiness, weakness, lightheadedness, headache, _____tension, confusion, insomnia, lethargy
Monosynaptic & Polysynaptic
excessive reflex ; hypertonia
hypo
Tizanidine
an (oral or IV?) agent used to treat spasticity related to ________ pathology and _______
Structurally similar to ______
Used with caution in ______,_________. And __________
oral; spinal cord ; MS
clonidine
hypotension, liver and renal dx
Tizanidine
CYP1A2 (inducer or inhibitor?)
Interact with _______,_______
Additive effect when combined with ________,__________, or ________
Adverse effect: _____tension, drowsiness
inhibitor
contraceptives, fluvoxamine
antihypertensives, alpha2 agonist or ethanol
hypo
Gabapentin
It relieves spasticity associated with _____
Interact with ____ gated _____ channels to decrease _____ and spasticity
MS
voltage; calcium ; pain
Gabapentin
______ administered and (slowly or rapidly?) absorbed
Highly ______ soluble, crosses ____ and widely distributed in CNS
Excreted (changed or unchanged?) in urine
Adverse effect: drowsiness, somnolence, nausea, fatigue
Orally; rapidly
lipid; bbb
unchanged
Carisoprodol:
a _______ skeletal muscle relaxant of the ________ class
it produces all the effects associated with __________
It’s a prodrug, structurally and pharmacologically related to _______
centrally acting; carbamate
barbiturates; meprobamate
Carisoprodol:
MOA=_________
its ________ effects contribute to its therapeutic and recreational use, are generally attributed to the actions of its primary metabolite, _____, at ________ receptors (_______)
remains unclear
sedative; meprobamate
GABAA; GABAAR
Carisoprodol
It blocks _____ sensations from the nerves
Temporarily relieve pain from muscle pain, spasms, sprains, and strains. It is also used as an _____________.
pain
antidepressant
Diazepam
relieves spasticity of _________, induce mild ________ and control seizure in status ________ patients
alleviates _____________, convulsion, and ______ related symptoms.
cerebral palsy; amnesia; epilepticus
acute alcohol withdrawal; anxiety
Diazepam
It acts on the _________ and produced a temporary _____ effect on the user
Adverse effect: cardiorespiratory ________, drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy, somnolence
brain and nerves; calming
depression
Cyclobenzaprine: used to treat muscle spasm and pain associated with _____________________
Metaloxone: relatively (weak or strong ?) muscle relaxants that produced (little or plenty?) side effects, It is used to relax muscle and lessen muscle pain and spasms.
Increased viability is impressed when ________
acute musculoskeletal conditions.
strong; little
taken with food.
Methacarbamol: a central muscle relaxant used to treat skeletal spasm and helps to relax muscles and reduce muscle pains associated from _____,______, and ________
sprains, strains, and muscle stress.
The most common side effects of muscle relaxants are:
____ changes: ———— or ________
Dizziness, drowsiness
_______ mouth
Vision
double vision or blurred vision
Dry
Less common side effects of muscle relaxants such as stomach cramps or pain, nausea and vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, hiccups, confusion, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, flushed or red face, headache, heartburn, weakness, and sleep problems
Also may occur and do not need medical attention unless they do not go away or they interfere with normal activities.
T/F
T
T
More serious side effects of muscle relaxants are not common, but may occur.
Anyone who experiences ____ problems, facial ———, fainting, unusually fast or unusually slow ______, fever, ______ in the chest, rash, itching, burning, ____, or_______ eyes, or
Unusual _______ or ________ after taking muscle relaxants should seek medical help
breathing; swelling; heartbeat
tightness
Red ; bloodshot
thoughts or dreams
Peripherally acting spasmolytic
• Act through ________ on ________ fibres
• Do not interfere with ______ communication nor have _____ effects
• Adverse effect: slurred speech, muscle weakness, drowsiness, malaise, fatigue, seizures
direct action on skeletal muscle
neuromuscular; CNS
Peripherally acting spasmolytic
• Dantrolene most used for acute treatment of _________________, hereditary —————, _________ , spasticity from _______ and ———- injuries, MS, _____ palsy and CVA
malignant hyperthermia (GA)
spastic paraplegia
heatstroke
spinal cord and cerebral
cerebral
Peripherally acting spasmolytic
• Dantrolene reduces the _________ of skeletal muscle through a ____ effect on muscle cells, through reduction in _____________ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
force of contraction
direct
amount of Ca2+ released
