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House Pharmacology > Anti Helminthic Drugs > Flashcards

Anti Helminthic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Helminthiasis or parasitic worm infection

•Prevalence greatest in the ______

•Spread is by _______,____,______ activity

A

tropics

travel, migration, military

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2
Q

These helminthes are Metazoa:

Roundworms (_________)

Flatworms 2a._____(______) 2b. Another type of flatworms are ______ (________)

A

nematodes

Flukes; trematodes

tapeworms; cestodes

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3
Q

The helminthes are biologically diverse eukaryotes

T/F

A

T

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4
Q

(Mature or Immature?) forms of helminths invade human beings through the ______ or ____

A

Immature

skin or GIT

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5
Q

Apart from few exceptions such as _________ and _________ , these organisms do not normally _________ in humans

Therefore the _________ to the organisms dictates the ______ of infection

reduction of adult worm by chemotherapy is sustained unless ______ occurs.

A

Strongyloidis and Echinococcus

complete their life cycle

extent of exposure

severity

reinfection

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6
Q

Antihelminthes act (locally or systematically?) to ____ worms from the ____ or (locally or systemically?) to eradicate adult worms or developemental stages from ____ and ____

A

Locally

expel; GIT

systemically

tissues and organs

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7
Q

FILARIASIS

ADULT WORMS DWELL IN THE ____ TISSUES ALONE IN THE INFECTIONS CAUSED BY- ______,______,______

A

LYMPHATIC

Wurchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori

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8
Q

FILARIASIS

WHILE FOR THE FOLLOWING INFCTIONS ADULT WORMS ARE FOUND IN OTHER TISSUES- _______,___________,_________

A

Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella species.

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9
Q

FILARIASIS

Nearly ________ people are affected, 90% by _______, 90% of the remaining by _________.

A

90 million

W. bancrofti

Brugia malayi

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10
Q

FILARIASIS

W. bancrofti- IS FOUND IN _______, ______, India, Sothern China, widely through out the ______

Brugia malayi –_________,______, _______

Brugia timori-_______

A

Central Africa; S. America; tropics

Indonesia; South East Asia; Central Africa

Indonesia

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11
Q

Bancroftia And Brugian HOST Reactions To adult Worms Include fevers , __________,____________; lymphatic obstructions Is Typified BY _______,_______,_________ .

Tropical ______________ also Occurs In Some INDIVIDUALS

A

LYMPHANGITIS, LYMPHADENITIS

Lymphedema, Hydrocele, Elephantiasis

Pulmonary Eosinophilia

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12
Q

Loa loa-

•Transmitted by ______

•L. loa, aka _________

•Is a ________ parasite In large ____ Of central Africa And west Africa .

A

Deer flies

African eye Worm

Migrating Filarial ; Rivers

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13
Q

Loa loa-

•Adult worms occur in ______ tissue

•causes Episodic _______ and _______

  • can Penetrate the ______ and _____

•rarely, __________,_______, or ________ With Heavy Infection occur.

A

Subcutaneous

Calabar Swellings; Allergic reactions

Skin And Conjunctiva.

Encephalopathy, Cardio pathy OR nephropathy

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14
Q

O. vulvulus-

•transmitted by _____ near __________ and _______

•Inflammatory reactions TO _______ not ______

A

black Flies; Fast Flowing Streams And Rivers

Microfilaria; Adult worms

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15
Q

O. vulvulus-

•Affect _______________ and _________

•____ LEADING CAUSE OF _____ WORLD WIDE

A

Subcutaneous lymph Nodes and Eyes

2ND

BLINDNESS

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16
Q

Mansonella spp.

•Transmitted By _________

• Is (common or rare?) And Variably Responsive to Chemotherapy.

A

midges

Rare

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17
Q

____________(DCM)

___________(IVM)

A

Diethylcarbamazine

Ivermectin

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18
Q

________ and _______ ARE Primary Compounds For The Treatment Of lymphatic Filariasis

A

Diethylcarbamazine(DCM) and Ivermectin (IVM)

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19
Q

Filariasis treatment

Population Based, Yearly Single dose of ______ or -______

Or

______ + ________, Or ________ + ________ markedly decrease microfilarial and prevalence

A

DCM Or IVM

IVM+ ALBENDAZOLE

DCM+ ALBENDAZOLE

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20
Q

_____ Is safer when Bancrofti coexists with Loasis Or Onchocerciasis

________ + _________ MAY BE USED IN OTHER CASES

A

IVM

DCM+ ALBENDAZOLE

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21
Q

Treatment of filariasis

IT IS better TO start Treatment early before ___________ OCCUR IN Wurchereria and Brugia INFECTIONS,

HOWEVER, IN SOME LATE STAGES SOME IMPROVEMENT OCCUR

A

OBSTRUCTION OF THE LYMPHATICS

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22
Q

IN LONG STANDING ELEPHANTIASIS, _____ IS NEEDED TO INCREASE LYMPH DRAINAGE AND REMOVE REDUNDANT TISSUE

A

SURGERY

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23
Q

_______ IS THE BEST SINGLE DRUG FOR LOASIS, BUT SHOULD START WITH ——— DOSE TO DECREASE ________ TO DESTROYED _________

A

DCM

SMALL

HOST REACTION

MICROFILARIAL WORMS

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24
Q

____________ NEEDED TO CONTROL ACUTE ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

A

GLUCOCORTICOIDS ARE

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25
Q

Rarely, Serious cerebral reactions occur because of ___________________

IF Severe ______ Occurs Or there Is evidence OF Adult Worm near THE ____, caution IS REQUIRED FOR INITIAL DOSING

A

Destruction OF Microfilaria IN Brain

headache

Orbit

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26
Q

____________ IS THE BEST SINGLE DRUG FOR CONTROL AND TREATMENT OF Onchocerciasis Because of __________ and Few ______ complication

A

IVERMECTIN

MILDER REACTIONS

Occular

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27
Q

DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE DCM

A water (soluble or insoluble?) salt

_______ TASTE,_______ ODOR

(Stable or unstable ?) to heat

A

Soluble
TASTELESS

ODORLESS

Stable

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28
Q

DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE DCM

ANTIHLMINTHIC ACTION: KILLS ______ Of _________,______, and ________ IN BLOOD

A

Microfilaria

Wuchereria bancrofti

Brugia malayi and Loaloa

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29
Q

DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE DCM

KILLS MICROFILARIA OF Onchcerca IN ___ BUT NOT IN _____ WHERE _____\ ARE.

A

SKIN

NODULE

ADULT WORMS

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30
Q

DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE DCM affects Microfilaria in hydrocoele

T/F

A

F

IT DOES NOT AFFECT MICROFILARIA IN HYDROCELE DESPITE PENETRATION THERE

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31
Q

DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE DCM KILLS ADULT WORMS OF Wuchereria , Brugia, Loaloa.

T/F

A

F

IT IS NOT CERTAIN IF DCM KILLS ADULT WORMS OF W, B, L

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32
Q

DCM Exerts No action Against adult worms OF Onchocerca

T/F

A

F

little action

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33
Q

Mechanism of action of DCM:

•IT appear To perturb ______________IN humans AND Host _____________ cells With Resultant Vaso__________ and HOST’S Platelet and Granulocyte __________________ Around ______ OF damaged parasites

A

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

constriction; Aggregation

membrane

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34
Q

Mechanism of action of DCM:

It Activates ______ But not _______ Immunity.

It also appears To compromise _______________ and ____________ TO plasma Membranes.

A

Innate

Adaptive; Intracellular Processing AND transport OF certain Macromolecules

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35
Q

A F E of DCM:

(Slowly or Rapidly?) Absorbed from GIT.

Peak plasma Levels IN 1-2 HRS, after single ____

T1/2 IS 2-10 HRS Depending ON ________ PH

A

Rapidly

P.O.

Urinary PH

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36
Q

(Slow Or Rapid?) and extensive metabolism occurs.

Major metabolite Is ____________ IS (active or inactive ?) .

A

Rapid

DITHYLCARBAMAZIN-N-OXIDE

Active

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37
Q

Excretion of DCM

• Is Both ________ and ______

• >50% Appears In (Acid or Alklaine ?) urine AS urine IS _______

A

URINARY And EXTRAURINARY

Acid

ALKALINE

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38
Q

Excretion of DCM

•(Acidifying or Alkalinizing?) urine Increases plasm level, Prolongs T1/2

•THE dose Should Be _____eased IN renal dysfunction Or there should be sustained ______________

A

Alkalinizing

decr

ALKALINIZATION OF urine

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39
Q

Therapeutic uses of DCM in Wurchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori

Mass Treatment To Decrease To _______ Levels and Therefore Interrupt ______ transmission

A

Sub infective; Mosquitoes

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40
Q

Therapeutic uses of DCM in Wurchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori

the _____ Is given As 0.2% TO 0.4% weight of the base, This decreases The prevalence, severity and transmission.

A

table Salt

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41
Q

Therapeutic uses of DCM in Wurchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori

•Single ____ Dose of ___ mg/kg every ________ is equally effective

•annual single P.O. Dose ____ MG/KG + another Anti helminthic E.G. _____ Is equally Effective

•6 mg/kg _____+ 400MG _____ IS more appropriate

A

P.O. ; 6; 6-12 months

6; Ivermectin

DCM; albendazole

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42
Q

Therapeutic uses of DCM in Wurchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori

•While 2 mg/kg _____ X 14/7 IS PRESCRIBED FOR TROPICAL _____________________

•test Dose, Of _____ Is Adviceable Before the Full Dose of ___ mg/kg

A

TID

Pulmonary eosinophilia

50mg; 6

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43
Q

TID Is administered FOR 21/7 In the case of _______ In the clinic, this Is different From __________ Described Above, which was to reduce _______,______, and _______

A

Treatment

mass Eradication

Prevalence, severity And transmission.

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44
Q

Loa loa

• ________ + ______/_____

•ADRs Includes severe ______ To Dying Microfilaria and Adult worms and Occasionally ________ and ______ because Of Invasion OF ____ by microfilaria.

A

DCM + Glucocorticoids or antihistamines

Allergic Reaction

MENINGOENCEPHALITIS AND coma

brain

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45
Q

In treatment of LOA LOA

ADRs are rare unless _____ OF 8-10MG/KG Is ______ And ADRs ________________ as treatment continues.

A

daily dose

exceeded; disappear In few days

46
Q

In treatment of LOA LOA

ADRs

ANOREXIA, nausea, Headache, AND Vomiting Occur

______ damage Occurs In Heavy Loa loa Infection and ______

A

RETINAL

ENCEPHALITIS

47
Q

____ reaction May occur IN Onchocerca volvulus.

A

Mazzotti

48
Q

In treatment of onchocerca volvulus

Mazzotti:
A few hours after 1ST ____ dose, Intense ________,______, INCREASE IN _____ and _____ OF lymph nodes, Fine papular rash, FEVER, Tachycardia, Arthralgia, Headache,

A

Oral

ITCHING, Rashes

Size And TENDERNESS

49
Q

In treatment of onchocerca volvulus

Mazzotti:

These Last for _________ Days, Then subside

A

3-10

50
Q

After the mazzotti reaction, high doses ARE Tolerated

T/F

A

T

51
Q

In treatment of onchocerca volvulus

Mazzotti:

Occular affection include ______, PUNCTATE _____, _____ , atrophy of ____________________

A

LIMBITIS; KERATITIS; UVITIS

Retinal pigment epithelium

52
Q

In treatment of bancroftian or brugian infections, _________ along THE LYMPHATICS and LYMPHADENITIS subside in ____ DAYS.

______ occur ON second DAY OF Treatment and peak by the _____ or ____ Day, It Subsides over A few weeks

Reversible ______ and ______ ALSO
Occur

A

NODULAR SWELLINGS

Few

LEUKOCYTOSIS

4TH OR 5TH

Proteinuria AND EOSINOPHILIA

53
Q

IVERMECTIN

MECHANISM OF ACTION :

•ITS EFFECT IS ON _____ GATED CL- CHANNEL OF MUSCULATURE.

•THIS INCLUDES THE MUSCULATURE OF _______ MUSCLES thereby PREVENTING _____ OF THE FILARIAL WORMS,

A

GLUTAMATE

PHARYNGEAL

54
Q

IVERMECTIN

MECHANISM OF ACTION :

•ALSO CAUSES _____ OF THE WORMS, thereby PREVENTING ____ of______ FROM ADULT FEMALE UTERUS.

A

PARALYSIS

EGRESS OF MICROFILARIA

55
Q

Ivermectin : mechanism of action

THESE glutamate gated Cl- CHANNELS OCCUR IN INVERTEBRATES and VERTEBRATES.

T/F

A

F

ONLY IN INVERTIBRATES

56
Q

ALSO, IVERMECTIN BINDS ____ RECEPTORS IN INVETEBRATES AND VERTEBRATES

A

GABA

57
Q

ANTIHELMINTIC ACTION of ivermectin:

CAUSES MARKED DECREASE IN ________ IN ______ and _______ LASTING 6-12/12

A

MICROFILARIA

Skin

Ocular tissue

58
Q

ABSORPTION FATE AND EXCRETION of ivermectin:

•(Little or Large?) APPEARENT VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION IS NOTED, IT IS ____% BOUND TO PLASMA PROTEIN

•IT IS EXTENSIVELY CONVERTED BY CYP ____ TO >___ METABOLITES (MOSTLY _________ and ________ DERIVATIVES)

A

Large

93; 3A4

10; HYDROXYLATED AND DEMETHYLATED

59
Q

Absorption fate and excretion of overmen:

•IT PENETRATES THE CNS (well or Poorly?) (THOUGH HIGHLY LIPO_____)

•__________ PUMP IN BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER PREVENTS ACCESS TO THE BRAIN

A

Poorly
PHILIC

P-GLYCOPROTEIN EFFLUX

60
Q

THERAPEUTIC USES of ivermectin on onchocerciasis

•IT CAUSES _______ OF _______ AND ACUTE INFLAMMATORY CHANGES IN ____ TISSUES AND ARRESTS FURTHER _____ PATHOLOGY

•IT CAUSES DECREASE OF MICROFILARIA IN _______ and _______ TISSUE IN FEW DAYS, THE EFFECT LASTS 6- 12 MOTHS AFTER WHICH THE DOSE HAS TO BE REPEATED

A

REVERSAL; LYMPHADENOPATHY

OCCULAR; OCCULAR

SKIN AND OCCULAR

61
Q

Ivermectin in onchocerciasis results in cure

T/F
With reason

A

F

IT DOES NOT RESULT IN CURE BECAUSE OF LITTLE EFFECT ON ADULT WORMS

62
Q

Ivermectin to treat LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS:

_______ 400MG+IVERMECTIN 200-400 μg/Kg SINGLE ANNUAL DOSE, PERIOD OF TREATMENT IS 4-6YEARS

A

ALBENDAZOLE

63
Q

SINGLE DOSE OF 150-200 μg/Kg OF IVERMECTIN CAN CURE HUMAN STRONGYLOIDIASIS

T/F

A

T

64
Q

INFECTIONS WITH INTESTINAL NEMTODES: SINGLE DOSE OF 150-200 μg/Kg OF IVERMECTIN CAN CURE ____________
ALSO, THIS DOSE IS EFFECTIVE AGAINST CO-EXISTING ______,______ and ______

A

HUMAN STRONGYLOIDIASIS

ASCARIASIS, TRICURIASIS AND ENTEROBIASIS

65
Q

100 μg/Kg IVERMECTIN + _________ IS EFFECTIVE AGAINST INTESTINAL STRONGYLOIDIS AND (MORE OR LESS?) TOXIC THAN USE OF HIGHER DOSES OF THIABENDAZOLE ALONE

A

THIABENDAZOLE

Less

66
Q

150-200 μg/Kg SINGLE DOSE IVERMECTIN, P.O. FOR CUTANEOUS ________ BY DOG OR CAT _______,

And THE SAME DOSE IS REQUIRED FOR _______ and _______ EVEN IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS

A

LAVAL MIGRANS

HOOKWORMS

HEAD LICES AND SCABIES

67
Q

Ivermectin’s ADRs: ______ LIKE REACTIONS TO DYING ______, THE INTENSITY AND NATURE OF THIS RELATE TO _______ AND DURATION AND TYPE OF FILARIAL INFECTION.

AFTER TREATMENT, ADRs LIMITED TO _________,_______, and _______ IN 5%-35%
OF PEOPLE, IT LASTS FEW DAYS AND IS RELIEVED BY ______,________ DRUGS.

A

MAZZOTTI

MICROFILARIA; MICROFILARIAL BURDEN

MILD ITCHING, SWOLLEN, TENDER LYMPH NODES

ASPIRIN, ANTIHISTAMINE

68
Q

Ivermectin’s ADR:

RARELY, PATIENTS CAN EXPERINCE HIGH FEVER, ____CARDIA, ____TENSION, _______, DIZZINESS, HEADACHE, MYALGIA, ARTHRALGIA, DIARRHOEA, FACIAL _______ WHICH RESPOND TO ________.

A

TACHY; HYPO

PROSTRATION

PERIPHERAL EDEMA; GLUCOCORTICOIDS

69
Q

IVRMCTIN WILL EXACERBATE LESSIONS OF OOULAR TISSUES IN Onchocerciasis

T/F

A

F

IVRMCTIN WILL NOT EXACERBATE LESSIONS OF OOULAR TISSUES IN Onchocerciasis

70
Q

Using ivermectin, IN Onchocerciasis there IS MARKED ________ and _______ WHEN CO- INFECTED WITH HEAVY BURDENS OF L. loa microfilaria

A

DISABILITY AND ENCHEPHALOPATHIES

71
Q

IVERMECTIN IS CONTRAINDICATED IN PATIENTS WITH ________________, FOR EXAMPLE THOSE WITH ___________ or ____________ BECAUSE OF THE EFFECT ON _____ RECEPTORS IN THE _____.

A

IMPAIRED BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER

AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS AND MENINGITIS

GABA

CNS

72
Q

Ivermectin

CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED IN PATIENTS ON ________

A

CNS DEPRESSANTS

73
Q

HIGH LEVELS OF IVERMECTIN ARE FOUND IN BREAST MILK

A

F

LOW LEVELS OF IVERMECTIN ARE FOUND IN BREAST MILK

74
Q

DRACOTIASIS

CAUSED BY _____________

OTHER NAMES INCLUDE _________ or ___________.

A

Dracunculus medinensis.

GIUNEA DRAGON OR MEDINA WORMS

75
Q

DRACOTIASIS

•IT IS IN (INCLINE OR DECLINE?) , MOSTLY FOUND IN SUDAN AND WEST AFRICA

•IT IS CAUSED BY ________ THAT CONTAINS ______ THAT CARRY INFECTIVE LARVAE.

A

Decline

DRINKING WATER

COPEPODS

76
Q

DRACOTIASIS

AFTER ____ ADULT FEMALE WORM EMMERGE FROM THE _____

A

1 YEAR

SKIN

77
Q

DRACOTIASIS

TREATMENT: _______ on _______ , BUT RISK IS _________ IF _______ OCCURS.

A

WINDING ON STICK

SEVERE INFECTION

RUPTURE

78
Q

DRACOTIASIS : TREATMENT

•____________ 200MG TID X 10/7, THE MEDICATION ALLEVIATES THE SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES FUNCTIONAL RELIEF BECAUSE IT ____________ THEREBY FACILITATING REMOVAL OF WORM.

•________ OF DRINKING WATER

•AVOID CONTACT OF INFECTED PERSONS WITH ________

A

METRONIDAZOLE

REDUCES HOST’S INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

FILTRATION

SURFACE WATER

79
Q

METRONIDAZOLE IS A PRODRUG

T/F

A

T

80
Q

METRONIDAZOLE

•IS A PRODRUG WHICH REQUIRES _____ ACTIVATION OF THE _____ GROUP BY SUSCEPTIBLE ORGNISMS.

•IT POSSESS SELECTIVE TOXICITY TOWARDS ____________________________ PATHOGENS E.G. ________ PROTOZOA, T._________ , E._______ and G._______ Because OF THEIR METABOLISM.

A

REDUCTIVE; NITRO

ANAEROBIC AND MICROAEROPHILIC

AMITOCHONDRIATE

vaginalis; histolytica; lamblia

81
Q

METRONIDAZOLE

Activation of metronidazole:

THESE ORGANISMS AND ANAEROBIC BACTERIA CONTAIN ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPONENTS E.G. ______,______ THAT HAVE A SUFFICIENTLY ____________________ TO DONATE e- TO METRONIDAZOLE.

A

FERRODOXINS, SMALL Fe-S PROTEINS

Negative REDOX POTENTIAL

82
Q

METRONIDAZOLE

Mechanism of action:

THE SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSFER FORMS A ________ ——— _____ ——— _______ THAT KILLS SUSCEPTIBLE ORGANISMS TARGETING ____ AND OTHER BIOMOLECULES

A

HIGHLY REACTIVE NITRO RADICAL ANION

DNA

83
Q

ABSORPTION FATE AND EXCRETION:

•metronidazole Is (completely or incompletely?) And (slowly or rapidly?) ABSORBED

A

completely

Rapidly

84
Q

Metronidazole

ADRs:

•GIT (NAUSEA,________, ___ MOUTH), VOMITING, ABDOMINAL PAIN

•CNS- DIZZINESS,____,_____, _______ , ATAXIA, SENSORY NEUROPATHY

A

METALLIC TASTE; DRY

VERTIGO; ENCEPHALOPATHY; CONVULSION

85
Q

Metronidazole

ADRs:

•PATIENTS EXPERIENCE _______ EFFECT IF ALCOHOL IS TAKEN AT SAME TIME OR WITHIN 3/7 AFTER TREATMENT

•_______INCREASES ITS PLASMA LEVEL.

A

DISULFIRAM

CIMETIDINE

86
Q

METRONIDAZOLE (PROLONGS or SHORTENS?) PROTHROMBIN TIME OF PATIENTS ON COUMARIN ANTICOAGULANTS

A

PROLONGS

87
Q

BENZIMIDAZOLES:

_______,_______,________

A

thiabendazole, mebendazole albendazole

88
Q

BENZIMIDAZOLES

________ is significantly more toxic than others so currently use more ______ for _____________

While ________ and _____ are used for GIT helminthiasis

A

thiabendazole

topically

cutaneous larva migrans

mebendazole, albendazoloe+

89
Q

ALBENDAZOLE: metabolism

•IT IS ______ and _____ ABSORBED AFTER P.O.

•ABSORPTION IS INCREASED BY ____ FOODS AND _______.

A

VARIABLY AND ERRATICALLY

FATTY; BILE SALTS

90
Q

ALBENDAZOLE : metabolism

•IT IS (slowly or Rapidly?) METABOLISED IN THE ______ and ____ TO 2 SULFOXIDE METABOLITE WHICH HAVE (mildly or Highly?) POTENT ANTIHELMINTIC ACTIVITY.

A

Rapidly

LIVER AND INTESTINE

Highly

91
Q

ALBENDAZOLE IS (WELL or POORLY?) DISTRIBUTED

A

WELL

92
Q

ALBENDAZOLE UNDERGOES SELF INDUCED HEPATIC METABOLISM.

T/F

A

T

93
Q

ALBENDAZOLE : excretion

THERE IS FURTHER OXIDATION TO (ACTIVE or INACTIVE?) NONCHIRAL SULFONE METABOLITE WHICH IS EXCRETED IN THE ______

A

INACTIVE

URINE

94
Q

MEBENDAZOLE

Like Albendazole is a (natural, semi synthetic, or synthetic?) _______ compound

•(well or Poorly?) absorbed, excreted as the decarboxylated compound

A

synthetic; benzimidazole

Pooh

95
Q

MEBENDAZOLE

•It possibly acts by inhibiting _______ formation

A

mirotubule

96
Q

MEBENDAZOLE

•Side effects are (mild or severe?) , but the drug is ______ in animals

•However ________ reactions may occur in high doses

•_______ have been reported in children under 2

A

Mild

teratogenic

hypersensitivity

Convulsions

97
Q

PYRANTEL PAMOATE :

•It is a _______________ derivative

•Active only against _____ organisms, peak concentrations are reached in 1-3 hours and excreted mostly unchanged

A

tetrahydropyrimidine

luminal

98
Q

PYRANTEL PAMOATE :

•It is a _____________

•Dose: 11 mg/kg as a single dose but may be repeated

A

neuromuscular blocker

99
Q

PYRANTEL PAMOATE :

Indications: _______,________,_________

ADR: (mild or severe?)

A

pinworms, ascariasis, Trichostrongylus orientalis

Mild

100
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS:praziquantel

•Indicated for (all ,some or most?) schistosome infections (all, some , or most?) trematode and cestode infections, and _______

•It is a (natural,synthetic or semi synthetic ?) isoquinoline-pyrazine derivative

A

All
Most

cysticercosis

Synthetic

101
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS:praziquantel

•it is (able or not able?) to cross the blood brain barrier

•It is extensively _______

•Its bioavailability is improved by _____ and ______ but reduced by ______ and ______

A

Able

hydroxylated

food and cimetidine

phenytoin andcarbamazepine

102
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS:praziquantel

It acts by ___________ of trematodes and cestodes membranes to _____

A

increasing the permeability

calcium

103
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS:praziquantel

Clinical Indications: _________, _____, opisthorchiasos, ________,______,_______,________,_______ , hydatid disease

A

all forms of schistosomiasis

clonorchiasis

paragonimiasis

Teeniasis, Diphylobothriasis, neurocysticercosis, hymenolepsis nana

104
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS:praziquantel

ADR:

•mild reactions, in ________

•neurological abnormalties may be exergerated due to _________: _____, nausea, vomiting, seizures,
metrifonate,oxamiquine

A

neurocysticercosis

inflammation around the dying worms

meningism

105
Q

oxamiquine

•Indicated in _______ infections not effective against ________ or ________

•It is a (synthetic or semi-synthetic?) tetrahydroquinoline

A

S mansoni

S haematobium or S japonicum

semi-synthetic

106
Q

oxamiquine

•it is extensively metabolized with inter individual variations. The metabolite is (active or inactive?)

•Active against the __________ stages of S mansoni

A

Inactive

mature and immature

107
Q

oxamiquine

ADR: _____ to _____ discoloration of the urine, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, colic, _____ and ______

Used with care in _____ and contraindicated in _____

A

orange to red

pruritus and urticaria

epilepsy; pregnancy

108
Q

METRIFONATE

•It is an _________ compound indicated for _________________________ but not _____

•It is transformed to ______ which is the active metabolite

A

organophosphate

schistostoma haematobium adult worms

the eggs

dichlorvos

109
Q

METRIFONATE

Its mechanism of action is through _________________

The _____ worms are shifted from the _______ to the ________ where they are trapped and encased by the immune system

A

cholinesterase inhibition

paralysed

bladder venous plexus to the lungs

110
Q

METRIFONATE

ADR:(mild or severe?) ____________ symptoms

A

mild cholinergic

House Pharmacology (50 decks)

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