Intro To Pharmac

Question 1

PHARMACOKINETICS

________

Answer 1

What the Body does to the Drugs

Question 2

PHARMACOGNOSY

____

Answer 2

How we can identify and classify drugs

Question 3

PHARMACODYNAMICS

______

Answer 3

What the Drug does to the Body

Question 4

Ipratropium bromide is administered by ______ route

Answer 4

Inhalational

Question 5

Mention example of 2 drugs taken through the rectal route

Answer 5

Rectal diazepam
Rectal paracetamol

Question 6

highly perfused organs receive most of the drug

T/F

Answer 6

T

Question 7

Drugs retained mostly plasma (aspirin, aminoglycosides) have (small or large?) Vd.

Drugs distributed into tissues (Pethidine) have (small or large?) Vd

Answer 7

Small

Large

Question 8

Poisoning/overdosage of drugs with wide Vd can be removed by hemodialysis.

T/F

Answer 8

F

It can’t

Question 9

General characteristics of dosage forms

oral/local (tablets, mixture)
rectal/local (______,______)
vaginal (_____,_______,______)
inhalation/local (_____,____)

Answer 9

suppository, enema

tablet, ovule, cream

aerosol, powder

Question 10

Oral forms

efficacy:______ absorption and _______, ______ effect

safety: ______ absorption, gastric _____

convenience:(-)? handling (children, elderly)

Answer 10

uncertain; first-pass metabolism; gradual

uncertain; irritation

Question 11

Sublingual tablets and aerosols

efficacy:(+) act ______, __________
safety:(-) easy _______
convenience:aerosol (easy or difficult?) to handle, tablets (easy or difficult ?) to use

Answer 11

rapidly; no first-pass metabolism

overdose

Difficult

Easy

Question 12

Rectal preparations

efficacy:_______ absorption, (+) 50% first-pass metabolism, (slow or rapid?) effect

safety:local __________

convenience:(+) in case of nausea, vomiting and problems with swallowing

Answer 12

uncertain; rapid

irritation

Question 13

Inhalation gases and vapors

efficacy:( slow or fast?) effect
safety:local ________
convenience:(-) need handling by trained staff

Answer 13

Fast

irritation

Question 14

Injections

efficacy:(slow or fast?) effect, no first-pass metabolism, accurate dosage possible

safety: ______ possible, _____ often a problem

convenience:painful, need trained staff, more costly than oral forms

Answer 14

Fast

overdose; sterility

Question 15

Topical preparations

efficacy: __________ is possible, limited __________

safety:_________ in case of antibiotics, (few or many ?) side effects

convenience:(-) some vaginal forms difficult to handle

Answer 15

high concentrations

systemic penetration

sensitization

Few

Question 16

Loading dose – administered _______ dose isusedto __________. Without a loading dose, it can take quite a bit of time to reach steady state e.g. phenytoin

Answer 16

single large

quickly achieve a high plasma concentration ofdrug

Question 17

Maintenance dose –maintainsthe _______________ after the loading dose is given

Answer 17

desired steady-state drug concentration

Question 18

The loading dose is calculated by ____________ by the ____________ and _________ by the _________.

Answer 18

multiplying the Volume of Distribution

Target Plasma Concentration

dividing that amount

Bioavailability

Question 19

Based on the loading dose calculations,

This means that:
The more a drug leaches out into the tissues (i.e., the ______ its volume of distribution), and the _____ our target concentration, and the ______ the absorption of the drug, the larger the loading dose required to achieve the desired effect.

On the contrary, the better the drug stays in the blood plasma (i.e., the ____ its volume of distribution), the ______ our target concentration, and the ______ its systemic circulation absorption, the less of it we’ll have to use.

Answer 19

wider; higher; lower

lower; lower; better