Pharmacogenomics Flashcards
Pharmacogenomics: Study of _____ influence on ________, often using _________ data
genomic
drug response
high-throughput
Pharmacogenomics high thoroughput data uses COMPLEX interactions such as _______,_______,_______,_______
sequencing, SNP chip, expression, proteomics
Pharmacogenetics: Study of __________, usually ________________ on a drug
response
individual gene-drug interactions
one or two genes that have dominant effect
Pharmacogenetics uses complex or simple relationship ?
SIMPLE relationship
The Human Genome Project (HGP)
Was a _______________ program whose goal was the ___________________
Collaborative research
complete mapping and understanding of all the genes of human beings
The Human Genome Project (HGP)
Project started in _____
Project completed in _____
Revealed about _______ human genes
1984
2003
20,500
Typical Pharmacogenetic Traits
Insufficient _________ leads to slow inactivation of isoniazid , dapsone
And is seen in more (caucasians or Africans?)
N-acetylase transferase (NAT 2)
Caucasians
Typical Pharmacogenetic Traits
Insufficient __________ leads to Prolonged respiratory paralysis on exposure to suxamethonium
Found in 1 in _______ ———-
Serum Pseudocholinesterase
2000
Caucasians
Typical Pharmacogenetic Traits
Insufficient ____________ leads to Hemolysis (anemia) from antimalarials
Found in 1 in 100 _____
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)
African Americans
Typical Pharmacogenetic Traits
Insufficient __________ levels leads to Bone marrow toxicity from thiopurine, mercaptopurine
Thiopurine methyl transferase (TPMT)
CYP families in humans
Humans have _______ genes
Divided among ____ families of cytochrome P450
57
18
CYP450 family
______,____,____,_____,_____,____, and _____ are responsible for metabolizing most
clinically important drugs
CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 ,CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4
Which CYP enzymes work on caffeine
1A1
1A2
2E1
3A4
Which CYP enzymes work on acetaminophen
1A2
2C
2E1
2D6
3A4
Which CYP enzymes work on warfarin
1A1
1A2
2C
3A4
Which CYP enzymes work on cyclophosphamide
2B6
3A4
Which CYP enzymes work on testosterone
1A1
2A6
2C
3A4
Thiotepa
Inducer or inhibitor
Inhibitor
Fluoxetine
Inducer or inhibitor
Inhibitor
Paroxetine
Inducer or inhibitor
Inhibitor
Disulphiram
Inducer or inhibitor
Inhibitor
Ethanol
Inducer or inhibitor
Inducer
Dexamethasone
Inducer or inhibitor
Inducer
Glucocorticoid
Inducer or inhibitor
Inducer
Prednisone
Inducer or inhibitor
Inducer
Tobacco smoke
Inducer or inhibitor
Inducer
Phenobarbital
Inducer or inhibitor
Inducer
Tricyclic antidepressants decrease ________ and a consequent (rise or fall?) in ______ levels in cleft
serotonin reuptake
Rise
serotonin
Selections of antidepressant drugs are largely based on _______
trial and error
Response rates of antidepressants are (low or high?) , with less than one- third of patients achieving adequate response after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment
Low
CYP_____ is the most investigated CYP enzyme with regards to antidepressant pharmacogenomics
2D6
Codeine
it must be metabolized into _____ for activity
morphine
codeine is an active drug
T/F
F
codeine is a prodrug
Codeine
Cytochrome P450 allele _______ is the metabolizing enzyme in the liver
CYP2D6
7% of (Africans or Caucasians?) are defficient in CYP2D6 gene
codeine does not work effectively in these individuals
T/F
Caucasians
T
Tamoxifen
Active or inactive
Inactive
Tamoxifen
Needs to be converted to ______ to be active
Catalyzed by _______
endoxifen
CYP2D6
Limitations of pharmacogenomics
The _______ and ______ to Genomic Technologies
Concerns about the ________ of _______
Cost Factor and Access
confidentiality of genetic information
Limitations of pharmacogenomics
Concerns about the confidentiality of genetic information
Employer could ____________________
____________________ company
get the results of a genetic test that showed whether you are more likely to get sick in the future
Health insurance
