Psychiatry Flashcards
How would you treat OCD?
Cognitive behaviour therapy. Clomipramine.
How is mental illness different to physical illness?
Diagnose by symptom cluster not pathology. Uncertainty about diagnosis.
Anxiety symptoms?
Feeling of fear. Palpitations. Sweating.
Taking 5 hours to wash hair and scrubbing hands with bleach up to 30 times a day are an example of what?
Compulsions.
OCD symptoms?
Ego-dystonic thoughts
Repetitive, circular ruminations
Compulsions
Core symptoms of depression?
Low mood, loss of energy, loss of enjoyment.
Other symptoms of depression?
Weight loss, poor sleep, feeling of guilt and suicidal ideation.
Depression treatment?
Antidepressants, cognitive behavioural therapy, social prescribing of exercise.
Mania symptoms?
Elated mood, Over-energized, Little need for sleep, Over-spending.
Schizophrenia symptoms?
Hallucination, delusion, Abnormal Behaviour such as disorganised behavior such as wandering aimlessly, mumbling or laughing to self.
What is delusion?
Fixed false beliefs not shared by others in the person’s culture and that are firmly held even when there is evidence to the contrary.
Schizophrenia treatment?
Antipsychotics
Psychological therapies
Family therapy
Arts therapies
Example of depressogenic stressors?
Bullying and chronic illness.
What is negative reinforcement?
Encouragement of certain behaviors by removing a negative stimuli.
What can habit formation lead to?
Compulsion.
Examples of what can result in negative reinforcement?
Substance use. Disordered eating.
What leads to addiction?
Repeated negative reinforcement, in the context of persistent states of suffering.
How do substances cause addiction?
Direct action on neural circuits for motivation and reward-seeking.
What category are people who hear voices/ have disorganised behaviour/ thought disorder.
Madness.
Types of psychosis?
Schizophrenia, Mania.
Psychosis key symptoms
Hallucinations,
Delusions
Thought Disorder
What is psychosis?
Group of pathologies which disrupt the process of perceiving and interpreting reality.
Schizophrenia positive symptoms?
Hallucinations
Delusions
Schizophrenia negative symptoms?
Anhedonia
Apathy
Schizophrenia disorganised symptoms?
Thought disorder
Disorganised speech
What is see on a PET scan of a schizophrenia patient?
Excess of striatal dopamine
What increases your risk of developing schizophrenia by a lot?
If both parents have schizophrenia. Strong genetic component.
What is working memory?
You use this to store information for short periods and contextualise the present moment.
What other risk factors for psychosis?
Neurodevelopmental (prematurity, hypoxia and infection), life stressors, recreational drug use.
Psychosis treatment?
Antipsychotics, CBT for Psychosis, Social support.
Class of antipsychotics?
Antidopaminergic.
How is social support provided for psychosis?
Housing, benefits
Support with budgeting /employment.
What increases by a lot in schizophrenia patients?
Violence.
Non-suicidal self-injury typically occurs in the context of?
Low self-worth and persistent distress. injury reduces distress.
What results in negative reinforcement in OCD?
Distress reducing mechanisms like washing, counting that give temporary relief from intrusive thoughts.
Symptoms of eating disorder?
Restriction of diet
Episodes of laxative abuse
Excessive exercise
