HNS Flashcards
What is held within the anterior cranial fossa?
Frontal lobe.
What is held within the middle cranial fossa?
Temporal lobes.
What is held within the posterior cranial fossa?
Cerebellum and brainstem.
What is the point where the frontal, parietal, temporal and greater wing of sphenoid bone meet called?
Pterion.
Suture between 2 parietal bones and occipital bone called?
Lambdoid suture.
What is the point where the sagittal and coronal suture meet called?
Bregma.
What is the point where the sagittal suture and lambdoid suture meet called?
Lambda.
What is the unfused bone in the anterior portion of the neonatal skull called?
Anterior fontanelle.
What is the unfused bone in the posterior portion of the neonatal skull called?
Posterior fontanelle.
What do olfactory neurones pass through to get to the olfactory bulb in the brain?
Cribriform plate.
What is cranial nerve I?
Olfactory nerve.
What is cranial nerve II?
Optic nerve.
What connects the orbit to the middle cranial fossa? What is present in this canal?
Optic canal. Optic nerve, ophthalmic artery.
What does the superior orbital fissure contain?
Ophthalmic divison of trigeminal nerve (V1), oculomotor nerve (III), Trochlear nerve (IV), Abducent nerve (VI), Superior ophthalmic vein.
What does foramen rotundum contain?
Maxilary division of trigeminal nerve (V2).
What does the foramen ovale contain?
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3).
What does the foramen spinosum contain?
Middle meningeal artery.
What does the middle meningeal artery supply with oxygen?
Dura mater.
What does the internal acoustic meatus contain?
Facial nerve (VII) and Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).
What does the jugular foramen contain?
Glossopharayngeal nerve (IX), Vagus nerve (X), Accessory nerve (XI).
What does the hypoglossal canal contain?
Hypoglossal nerve (XII).
What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?
Tongue muscles.
Blow to pterion can cause what?
Intercranial bleed.
Unfused bone at fontanel allowed for what?
Flexibility if birth canal is tight.
What vein runs over the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
External jugular vein.
What are the 2 layers of the dura?
Periosteal and meningeal.
3 layers of the meninges?
Dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.
What is the largest dural venous sinus?
Superior sagittal sinus.
What is in the subarachnoid space?
CSF
What is contained within the carotid sheath?
Internal jugular vein, common carotid artery and vagus nerve.
What divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid muscle.
What nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Accessory nerve.
What does contraction of posterior crico-arytenoid muscles do?
Open/abduct vocal folds.
What does contraction of lateral crico-arytenoid muscles do?
Close/adduct vocal folds
What does contraction of cricothyroid muscle do?
Tense vocal folds and change pitch.
What are the divisions of the vagus nerve that innervate the larynx?
Superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve.
What does the superior laryngeal nerve divide into?
Internal and external laryngeal nerve.
A lesion to the internal laryngeal nerve causes what?
Loss of sensation above vocal folds.
A lesion to the external laryngeal nerve causes what?
Paralysis of cricothyroid.
A lesion to recurrent laryngeal nerve causes what?
Paralysis in all muscle of larynx except cricothyroid and loss of sensation below vocal folds.