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MS3 > Psych 11 > Flashcards

Psych 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe id, ego, and superego

A

Id = instinctual drives

Ego = finds equilibrium between gratification of instinctual drives and the rules of society

Superego = contains internalized parental and societal rules and dictates to the ego what is not to be done

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2
Q

Describe “undoing” defense mechanism

A
  • Attempting to reverse a situation by adopting a new behavior
  • E.g. Man who has had a brief fantasy of killing his wife by sabotaging her car takes the car in for a complete checkup
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3
Q

What is Ritalin

A

Methylphenidate - for ADHD

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4
Q

What is Adderall

A

Dextroamphetamine

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5
Q

Describe presentation of frontotemporal lobe dementia

A

Early personality changes

Late dementia

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6
Q

Describe partial complex seizure

A

Altered state of consciousness, usually manifested by staring, is accompanied by hallucinations (olfactory are common), automatisms (buttoning and unbuttoning, masticatory movements, speech automatisms), perceptual alterations (objects changing shape or size), complex verbalizations

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7
Q

Cushing syndrome (from exogenous corticosteroids), often manifests in which psychiatric disorders?

A

Depression and mixed anxiety and depressive state

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8
Q

What can be used to treat psychotic symptoms of a delirious patient

A

Haloperidol

Want to avoid benzos or antipsychotics with anticholinergic effects

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9
Q

Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

A

Most cases are iatrogenic, following transplant of infected corneas or use of contaminated neurosurgical instruments

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10
Q

What is the point of breathing into a paper bag when you are hyperventilating?

A

To avoid hypercapnia, which is what end up leading to all the downstream effects

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11
Q

Presentation of temporal lobe epilepsy

A
  • Bizarre behavior, often without classic grand mal shaking movements
  • Characterized by hypo-sexuality, emotional intensity and a perseverative approach to interactions, termed viscosity
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12
Q

Presentation of Wernicke vs. Korsakoff syndrome

A

♣ Due to Thiamine deficiency

Wernicke = ataxia, confusion, ocular abnormalities (nystagmus, gaze palsies)

Korsakoff = anterograde and retrograde amnesia, compensatory confabulation

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13
Q

Tx of somatic sx disorder

A

Have the patient see a primary care physician at regular intervals

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of delirium in the eldery

A

Multiple medications

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15
Q

Which anti-cholinesterase is first line for cognitive dysfuncition in Alzheimers?

A

Donepezil = most well tolerated

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16
Q

Tumors of which brain lobe are associated with homonymous hemianopia

A

Occipital lobe

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17
Q

Tumors of which brain lobe are associated with olfactory and other unusual hallucinations, derealization episodes, mood lability, irritability, anger, and behavioral dyscontrol

A

Temporal lobe

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18
Q

What lab test can be helpful in diagnosing non-epileptic seizures

A

Prolactin

Epileptic seizures cause and increase in prolactin and nonepileptic seizures do not

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19
Q

Displacement vs. Projection

A

Projection = Attributing unacceptable internal impulses to an external source

Displacement = Transferring avoided feeling or ideas to a neutral person

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20
Q

What are effective family interventions for schizophrenic patients

A

Teaching family members about schizophrenia, emphasizing the importance of keeping interpersonal communication at a low emotional quotient, and helping the family learn more adaptive ways to cope with stress

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21
Q

What does extinction refer to?

A

The progressive disappearance of a behavior or a symptom when the expected consequence does not happen

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22
Q

What do you do if a patient on Clozapine experiences mild leukopenia?

A

Monitor closely - twice weekly CBC test. Continue clozapine

23
Q

What do you do if a patient on Clozapine experiences severe leukopenia

A

Stop Clozapine. Daily CBC. Clozapine may be reinstated after the WBCs normalize

24
Q

Uses of St. Johns wort

A

Antidepressant, sedative, anxiolytic

25
Q

Uses of ginseng

A

Stimulant, for fatigue, elevation of mood, immune enhancement

26
Q

Side effects of Zolpidem and Zaleplon

A

Dissociative-like state: sleep-walking, binge-eating, aggressive outbursts, and night driving all which the patient does not remember

27
Q

Drug treatment of akithisia

A

Beta blockers (Propranolol) are most effective

Benzos and anticholinergics may be somewhat effective

28
Q

Tx of shift work sleep disorder

A

Modafinil is the only approved medication

29
Q

Preferred drug to treat psychotic sx in patients with Parkinsons

A

Quetiapine - due to sedative quality and lack of EPS

30
Q

What is the half-life of Lithium / how long does it take to reach steady state

A

Half life = 20 hours

Takes 5 half-lives to reach steady state. 5 x 20 = 100 hours = about 8 days

31
Q

Drugs used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Bromocriptine, Amantidine, Dantrolene

32
Q

What is clang association

A

Thoughts that come out in a rhyming pattern, whether or not the verbalized sentence means anything logical

33
Q

Time frame and number of symptoms needed for GAD

A

At least 3 symptoms for at least 6 months

34
Q

Next step with a violent and struggling patient in restraints in the emergency room

A

IM Haloperidol + IM Lorazepam

IV is too hard too start in struggling patient. Antipsychotic + Benzo means you can use less of each

35
Q

What is projective identification

A

A person projects his or her unconscious feeling onto another and then that person begins to identify with the projected emotion and behave acccordingly (eg. patient acts as if therapist is super angry and then eventually therapist begins to get super angry)

36
Q

Depersonalization vs. Derealization

A

Depersonalization = feeling detached from oneself or disconnected from your body; floating above it

Derealization = sense that the environment is strange or unreal

37
Q

What is Nihilism

A

Belief that oneself, other, or the world are either nonexistant or are coming to an end

38
Q

What is echopraxia

A

Mimicking of examiners body posture and movements

39
Q

What is the primary metabolite of dopamine

A

Homovanillic acid

40
Q

What is cataplexy

A

Brief loss of muscle tone precipitated by strong emotion (e.g. laughter excitement)

41
Q

Chronic stress increases levels of what chemical in the body?

A

Glucocorticoids

42
Q

What disorder presents as: hypo-sexuality, emotional intensity and a perseverative approach to interactions, termed viscosity

A

Temporal lobe epilepsy

43
Q

In what stage of sleep does dreaming occur

A

REM

44
Q

Damage to what brain lobe leads to personality changes, disinhibited behavior, and poor judgment

A

Frontal lobe

45
Q

MOA and use of Buspirone

A

5HT1A and 5HT2 agonist

Treats anxiety

46
Q

Most common gene mutation in Alzheimers

A

Presenilin 1 (70-80%)

Presenilin 2 (20-30%)
APP (2-3%)
47
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated with addiction?

A

Dopamine

48
Q

What part of the sleep cycle to night terrors occur

A

Non-REM

Night terrors are characterized by partial awakening accompanied by screaming, thrashing, and autonomic arousal

49
Q

What neurotransmitter is disrupted in OCD

A

Serotonin

50
Q

What neurotransmitter is disrupted in ALzheimers dementia

A

Acetylcholine

51
Q

Where in the brain is damaged in Korsakoff?

A

Mammilary bodies

52
Q

Where in the brain is damaged in Huntington

A

Caudate

53
Q

Dysfunction of what part of the brain leads to disinhibition, irritability, lability, euphoria, and lack of remorse

A

Orbitofrontal area of the frontal lobe

MS3 (88 decks)

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