Psych 10 Flashcards
What psychotic disorders can Carbamazepine be used for
Mania with mixed features
Rapid cycling bipolar disorder
MOA of Carbamazepine
Blocks sodium channels, inhibiting action potentials
What psychotic disorders can Valproic acid treat?
Acute mania, mania with mixed features, rapid cycling bipolar
What is Valium
Diazepam
What is Klonopin
Clonazepam
What is Xanax
Alprazolam
What is Ativan
Lorazepam
What are the 3 non-benzo hypnotics
Zolpidem/Ambien
Zaleplon/Sonata
Eszoplicone/Lunesta
Rank the non-benzo hypnotics based on half-life, shortest to longest
Zaleplon < Zolpidem < Eszoplicone
What are the other non-benzo sedatives
♣ Diphenhydramine/Benadryl = Antihistamine with anticholinergic effects
♣ Ramelteon/Rozerem = Selective melatonin agonist
MOA and uses of Buspirone
Non-benzo anxiolytic
• Partial agonist at 5HT receptor
• Slower onset and not as effective
• Low potential for abuse/addiction
MOA and uses of Hydroxyzine
Non-benzo anxiolytic
Antihistamine
What psych issues is Propranolol used for
Non-selective beta antagonist
• Useful in treating the autonomic effects of panic attacks or social phobia, such as palpitations, sweating, and tachycardia
3 drugs used for ADHD
♣ Dextroamphetamine and Amphetemine • Drug = Adderall ♣ Methylphenidate • Drug = Ritalin, Concerta ♣ Atomoxetine
Drug used for narcolepsy
Modafinil
Drugs used for cognitive enhancement (e.g. dementia)
♣ Donepezil
♣ Galantamine
♣ Rivastigmine
Tx for sleep walking
No cure. Maintain safe environment and monitory patient’s symptoms
What medication may be used to treat hypersexuality
SSRI because they decrease libido
What is transvestic disorder
Patient’s experience recurrent and intense sexual arousal when cross-dressing
What drug is effexor?
Venlafaxine
Clinical features of fetal alcohol syndrome
Growth retardation, microphthalmia (small eyes), short palpebral fissures, midface hypoplasia, thin upper lip, microcephaly
Describe opiate intoxication
Slurred speech, drowsiness, impaired memory or attention, constricted pupils, respiratory depression, stupor, coma
Tx of hallucinogen (acid) intoxication for:
- Mild sx
- Severe sx
Mild = reassurance and quite environment
Severe = Benzos
Blood alcohol levels that show first signs of intoxication in a non-tolerant person (e.g. decrease in fine motor control)
20-30 mg/dL can start to shoe behavioral changes, slowing of motor performance, and decrease in the ability to think clearly
Blood alcohol level with significant impairment of motor and mental performance
100-200 mg/dl
BAL with memory impairment (blackout and amnesia)
200-300 mg/dl
BAL that can lead to coma and death in a non-tolerant person
400 mg/dl
How many days does marijuana stay in your system
2-7 days after single use
4 weeks in chronic user
How many days does alcohol stay in your system
Few hours
How many days does cocaine stay in your system
2-4 days urine screen
How many days do Amphetamines stay in your system
1-3 days urine screen
How many days does PCP stay in your system
4-7 days urine screen
How many days do benzos in your system
Short acting = 5 days
Long acting = 30 days
How many days do barbs stay in your system
Short acting = 24 hours
Long acting = 3 weeks
How long do opioids stay in your system
1-3 days urine
MOA of cocaine
Inhibits NET and DAT, allowing catecholamines to remain in the synapse
What can be used for tx of heroin withdrawal sx
Clonidine (a2 agonist) to treat autonomic signs and symptoms of withdrawal
Methadone or Buprenoprhine to cause detox
Is it appropriate to give antipsychotics to a patient in delirium tremens
No - they lower seizure threshold
MOA of amphetamines
Release of stored monamines in the synaptic cleft
MOA of PCP
activation of NMDA receptors
More severe presentation of cocaine intoxication
Cocaine-induced delrium; visual and tactile hallucinations, coronary spasm, MI, intracranial hemorrhage, seizure
MOA of Methadone
Long acting opioid agonist used for withdrawal and opioid addiction
MOA of Buprenorphine
Long acting partial opiod agonist used for withdrawal symptoms
What drugs can be used to treat nicotine dependence
Varenicline
Bupropion
Nicotine replacement therapy
MOA of Varenicline
Nicotinic receptor partial agonist that mimics the action of nicotine, reducing the reward aspects and preventing withdrawal symptoms
Presentation of inhalant intoxication
Perceptual disturbances, paranoia, lethargy, dizziness, N/V, HA nystagmus, tremor, muscle weakness, ataxia, slurred speech
What makes something classify as a substance use disorder
Exhibition of maladaptive behavioral pattern characterized by recurrent use in spite of academic, social, or work problems; use in situations in which changes in mental status may be dangerous (driving); recurrent substance-related legal problems
What is potentiation
E.g. giving 2 drugs that enhance the effects of each other
