Peds 1 Flashcards
Describe heads acronym to assess for psychosocial problems in adolescents
HEEADSSS
- Home
- Education
- Eating
- Activities
- Drugs
- Sexuality
- Suicide
- Safety
At what age do kids roll over?
4 months
At what age do kids sit up unsupported
6 months
At what age do kids stand with help
8 months
At what age do kids crawl
9 months
At what age do kids cruise
10 months
At what age do kids walk
12-13 months
At what age do kids walk upstairs 2 feet/step with assistance
18 months
At what age do kids walk upstairs without assistance
2 years
At what age do kids walk upstairs alternating steps
2.5-3 years
At what age do kids descend stairs (alternating steps)
3-4 years
At what age do kids cross object passed midline
6 months
At what age do kids:
- jump
- balance
- hop
- skip
Jump = 2 y/o Balance = 3 Hop = 4 Skip = 5
At what age do kids grasp:
- Raking
- Pincer
Rake = 5-6 months Pincer = 9 months
At what age do kids draw:
- Copies line
- Copies circle
- Copies cross
- Copies square
- Copies triangle
- Copies diamond
Line = 2 y/p Circle = 3 Cross = 4 Square = 5 Triangle = 6 Diamond = 7
How many blocks do kids stack at each age
- 15 months
- 18 months
- 24 months
- 3 years
2 blocks = 15 months
4 = 18 months
6 = 24 months (THINK 2+4=6)
9 = 3 years
At what age does stranger anxiety begin
6 months
At what age does separation anxiety begin
1 year
At what age do kids play:
- Alone
- Parallel
- Group play
- Tells stories/imaginary friends
- Card/board games
Alone = 1 yr Parallel = 2 Group = 3 Stories/imaginary friends = 4 Card/board games = 5
At what age do kids babble
6 months
At what age do kids say mama/dada nonspecific
9 monh
What speaking do you expect from a 6 m/o
Babbles
What speaking do you expect from a 1 y/o
Dada/mama specific
What speaking do you expect from a 2 y/o
2 word sentences
Strangers understand 50%
What speaking do you expect from a 3 y/o
75% of speech understood by strangers
What speaking do you expect from a 4 y/o
100% of speech understood by strangers
Tx of intermittent asthma
SABA PRN
Describe stepwise tx of persistent asthma
1) Low dose inhaled glucocorticoids
2) Low dose inhaled glucocorticoids + LABA
3) Medium dose inhaled glucocorticoids + LABA
4) High dose inhaled glucocorticoids + LABA
5) High dose inhaled glucocorticoids + LABA + oral systemic glucocorticoids
Frequency of sx in each type of asthma:
- Intermittent
- Mild persistent
- Moderate persistent
- Severe persistent
- Intermittent = < 2 days/week
- Mild persistent = > 2 days/week but not daily
- Moderate persistent = daily
- Severe persistent = throughout the day
Nighttime awakenings in each type of asthma:
- Intermittent
- Mild persistent
- Moderate persistent
- Severe persistent
- Intermittent = < 2x/month
- Mild persistent = 3-4x/month
- Moderate persistent = > 1x/week
- Severe persistent = often 7x/week
Frequency use of albuterol for sx in each type of asthma:
- Intermittent
- Mild persistent
- Moderate persistent
- Severe persistent
- Intermittent = <2 days/week
- Mild persistent = > 2 days/week but not daily and not more than 1x/day
- Moderate persistent = Daily
- Severe persistent = several times per day
Asthma interference with normal activity in each type of asthma
- Intermittent
- Mild persistent
- Moderate persistent
- Severe persistent
- Intermittent = none
- Mild persistent = minor limitation
- Moderate persistent = some limitation
- Severe persistent = extremely limited
What is the difference between 1st gen and 2nd gen antihistamine
1st gen is lipophylic and can cross BBB - 2nd gen cannot
Uses of both 1st gen and 2nd gen anti-H1
Type-1 allergic reactions (hives, allergic rhinitis)
Uses of only 1st gen anti-H1
- Vestibular nausea or motion sickness
- Drowsiness
- Treats extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics (due to Anti-muscarinic effects)
- Serotonin antagonist (appetite and weight gain)
What are the SABA drugs and what is their MOA
Albuterol, Terbutaline
Treat the bronchoconstriction of asthma
What are the inhaled corticosteroids used to treat asthma
Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Fluticasone
MOA of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma
Block inflammation and cellular infiltration
What are the LTD4 (leukotriene) receptor antagonists drug names and MOA
Montelukast, Zafirlukast
- MOA = treats bronchoconstriction
- Inhibit CysLT1 receptors, thus blocking action of LTD4 which is the most potent bronchoconstrictor of the leukotrienes
What are the Lipoxygenase inhibitors drug names and MOA
Zileuton (GodZILla)
- Inhibits LOX, which prevents production of leukotrienes
Explain aspirin induced asthma and tx
- Inhibition of COX pathway (e.g. Aspirin) shifts the AA metabolism to the LOX leukotriene pathway
- Leukotriene inhibitors can be used for treatment
What are the long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
Salmeterol, Formoterol
MOA of Theophylline (a type of Methylxanthine)
- Increased intracellular cAMP by inhibiting its breakdown by phosphodiesterase
- Increased cAMP can aid in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and inhibition of cytokine release
MOA of Omalizumab
Sketchy = limousine
- Recall: Antigen binding to IgE on mast cells causes degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators (e.g histamine)
- Omalizumab is an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody directed against the Fc portion of IgE (part that attaches IgE to mast cell), preventing mast cell sensitization
MOA of Cromolyn sodium
Inhibits mast cell degranulation, preventing the release of histamine
